. The Canadian field-naturalist. Natural history; Sciences naturelles. t , Figure 2. Oxygen being administered to the immobilized cow Elk (ear tag 360) for treatment of hypoxemia (Photo by R. Rosatte). One drawback with using aTelazol®/xylazine mix- ture for the immobiHzation of Elk is the extended re- covery time which could lead to decreased survival. In one study, an Elk immobilized with a Telazol®/xylazine mixture was not administered an antagonist and was immobilized for 5 hours (Golightly and Hofstra 1989). As well, there is no known antagonist for the tiletamine component of Telazol® (M
. The Canadian field-naturalist. Natural history; Sciences naturelles. t , Figure 2. Oxygen being administered to the immobilized cow Elk (ear tag 360) for treatment of hypoxemia (Photo by R. Rosatte). One drawback with using aTelazol®/xylazine mix- ture for the immobiHzation of Elk is the extended re- covery time which could lead to decreased survival. In one study, an Elk immobilized with a Telazol®/xylazine mixture was not administered an antagonist and was immobilized for 5 hours (Golightly and Hofstra 1989). As well, there is no known antagonist for the tiletamine component of Telazol® (Miller et al. 2004). Tolazine and yohimbine both proved to be effective antagonists for xylazine with recovery times of 8 to 15 minutes when administered at dosages of and mg/kg (body weight), respectively. However, the key to rapid recovery was administering the antagonist 45-60 minutes (or longer) post -immobilization. This allowed sufficient time for Telazol® to be metabolized and diminish side-effects after injection of the rever- sal agent. Animals may stagger for some time due to the effects of Telazol® if the antagonist is adminis- tered too soon after immobilization as the antagonist only neutralizes the effects of xylazine. Millspaugh et al. (1995) reported a mean recovery time of 14 min- utes when yohimbine was administered intravenous- ly to reverse xylazine administered to Elk at a dose of mg/kg (in a mixture with Telazol® at a dose of mg/kg). However, a recovery time in that study of 125 min was reported when yohimbine v\as gi\en intra- muscularly. Hypoxemia or deficient oxygenation of the blood may occur during the immobilization of wild rumi- nants. This can lead to organ failure and capture m\opa- thy (Read et al. 2001). Bloating occurred in two of the Elk immobilized in this study despite their being in a sternal recumbent position. As well, respiration rate was high in those two Elk {normal respiration rate for elk is about 13 b
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