. Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 11. Forests and forestry. 88 NORWAY SPRUCE Picea Abies, (Linnaeus) Karsten FOB,!!;—tA large tree usually attnliilnff a height of 50-80 ft. with a diameier of 2 ft. but may reach a height of 126 ft. with a diameter of 3 ft. Trunk atraight, continuous, slightly tapering, and sometimes free from lateral branches for a considerable distance from the base. Crown less acutely pyramidal than that of our native species. BARK—On old trunks roughened with large, rather thick feddish-brown scales, on younger trunks the scales are thinner and closer. U
. Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 11. Forests and forestry. 88 NORWAY SPRUCE Picea Abies, (Linnaeus) Karsten FOB,!!;—tA large tree usually attnliilnff a height of 50-80 ft. with a diameier of 2 ft. but may reach a height of 126 ft. with a diameter of 3 ft. Trunk atraight, continuous, slightly tapering, and sometimes free from lateral branches for a considerable distance from the base. Crown less acutely pyramidal than that of our native species. BARK—On old trunks roughened with large, rather thick feddish-brown scales, on younger trunks the scales are thinner and closer. Used in tanneries of Europe, but only slightly charged with tannin. TWIGS—Slender, rather pendulous, light reddish-brown and roughened by projecting leaf- buses. BUDS—Ovate to conical, smooth, pointed, covered by overlapping, sharp-pointed, light brown scales. LEAVES—^About J-l inch long, sharp-pointed, 4-sided, dark green, without real leaf-stalks, but resting on decurrent projections of bark known as sterlgmata. Fertilization takes place In LEAF-SCABS—See "Leaf-Scars" under Red Spruce. FLOWEBS—^Appear about May when pollination takes place. June. FKUIT—A cone about 4-7 inches long, cylindrical-oblong, pendant, almost sessile, maturing at the end of the first season; cone-scales thin, stiff, rather broad, reddish-brown, with finely toothed margins. WOOD—Non-porous; resin passages present; straight-grained, strong, not durable in con- tact with the soil, medium in hardness, works easily, heaxtwood yellowish-white with thin white sapwood. Weighs 30 lbs. per cubic foot. Used in the manufacture of paper pulp, general construction, interior finish, basket making and for masts and oars on small vessels. DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS—The Norway Spruce, also known as the E-uropean Spruce, can readily be distinguished by its large cones, which are from 4-7 inches long, and by the long, pendulous branchlets terminating the lateral branches. The sharp-pointe
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