The analysis of fuel, gas, water, and lubricants . Fig. 13.—A calorimeter of the adiabatic type. Adiabatic Insulation.—To avoid the necessity of accounting lorradiation losses and eliminating possible errors, as also to simplifythe matter of readings and calculations, various methcjds ofinsulation involving adiabatic conditions have been developed. 1 U. S. Bureau of Standards, Scientific Paper, 230. 2 Am. Soo. for Testing Mat., Standards, p. 570, 1916. For an excellent presentation of the Pfaundler formula see WhitesGas and Fuel , 2d ed., p. 268, 1920, or 1st ed., p. 224, 1913. 42 FUE
The analysis of fuel, gas, water, and lubricants . Fig. 13.—A calorimeter of the adiabatic type. Adiabatic Insulation.—To avoid the necessity of accounting lorradiation losses and eliminating possible errors, as also to simplifythe matter of readings and calculations, various methcjds ofinsulation involving adiabatic conditions have been developed. 1 U. S. Bureau of Standards, Scientific Paper, 230. 2 Am. Soo. for Testing Mat., Standards, p. 570, 1916. For an excellent presentation of the Pfaundler formula see WhitesGas and Fuel , 2d ed., p. 268, 1920, or 1st ed., p. 224, 1913. 42 FUEL, GAS, WATER AND LUBRICATION To be thoroughly effective these methods should involve com-. FiG. 14.—The adiabatic calorimeter showing details of construction. plete control over the temperature of the insulating part of theapparatus in such a way as to cause the temperature to rise CALORIMETRIC MEASUREMENTS 43 coordinately with that of the combustion system. Such instru-ments are designated as adiabatic calorimeters. Their greaterconvenience of operation and possibilities of extreme accuracyare apparent. In the instrument here illustrated, Fig. 14, the water is cir-culated by means of the stirrer R, which includes also a smallturbine for directing a portion of the water upward in G, and thusthrough the lid C. In this manner the jacketing water is dis-tributed on all sides, above and below the container F with thebomb B. Correction for Acids.—One other condition exists in the useof the Mahler type of calorimeter which requires of the use of pure oxygen at a high pressure and tempera-ture, certain reactions take place which do not occur in theordinar
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1920, booksubjectchemist, bookyear1922
