. The development of the American rail and track . Fig. Splice Bar, Pennsylvania Railroad, 1870. (From a drawing in the U. S. National Museum.) WOODEN BLOCK JOINTS. The cost of the iron joint fixtures led to experiments with woodblocks as early as 1840. Many roads that had used nothing but spikesand iron tie plates at the joints, added materially to the strength ofthese joints by drilling the stem of the rail, and bolting a block ofwood of the proper shape to the outer side of the rail. About 1860,some of the Eastern roads adopted a standard joint fixture composedof a wooden block 48
. The development of the American rail and track . Fig. Splice Bar, Pennsylvania Railroad, 1870. (From a drawing in the U. S. National Museum.) WOODEN BLOCK JOINTS. The cost of the iron joint fixtures led to experiments with woodblocks as early as 1840. Many roads that had used nothing but spikesand iron tie plates at the joints, added materially to the strength ofthese joints by drilling the stem of the rail, and bolting a block ofwood of the proper shape to the outer side of the rail. About 1860,some of the Eastern roads adopted a standard joint fixture composedof a wooden block 48 inches long for the outside of the rail and a shortiron splice bar to fit closely against the stem on the inside. Fig. 119 is. Fig. Joint Block, New Jersey Railroad, about 1860. (From original in the U. S. National Museum.) drawn from a set of the original joint fixtures that had been in thetracks of the present New York Division of the Pennsylvania Kail-road for many years.* Many of these blocks were used with steel railsand made excellent track, when kept in proper repair. SLOT RAIL AND KING JOINT. About 1850, on some parts of the Camden and Amboy and West Jer-sey Railroads, the ring joint was used. A slot about 2 inches long wascut in the stem of each rail at both ends; into these slots a ring was * Presented to the National Museum by Mr. James R. Smith, supervisor New YorkDivision Pennsylvania Railroad, Newark, N. J. DEVELOPMENT OF THE AMERICAN RAIL AND TRACK. 699 slipped which encircled the base, to which it was secured by a wedgedriven on each side of the stem between the riug and the base of therail. Fig. 120 is drawn from a ring joint and wedges which were in the trackof the West Jersey Rai
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