A treatise on orthopedic surgery . st, it is called pes planus. These slight degrees ofdistortion, in which the functional disability is usually moreimportant than the deformity, are rarely classed as forms oftalipes. Simple cavus, the hollow or contracted foot, and pesplanus, one of the forms of the common weak or flat-foot, havebeen described elsewhere. (Chapters XX and XXI.) 788 ORTHOPEDIC SUBGEBY. Etiology.—^From the remedial standpoint, the cause of thedeformity is of far greater importance than its form. Thus,one divides the distortions of the foot into two groups: 1. The Congenital Form
A treatise on orthopedic surgery . st, it is called pes planus. These slight degrees ofdistortion, in which the functional disability is usually moreimportant than the deformity, are rarely classed as forms oftalipes. Simple cavus, the hollow or contracted foot, and pesplanus, one of the forms of the common weak or flat-foot, havebeen described elsewhere. (Chapters XX and XXI.) 788 ORTHOPEDIC SUBGEBY. Etiology.—^From the remedial standpoint, the cause of thedeformity is of far greater importance than its form. Thus,one divides the distortions of the foot into two groups: 1. The Congenital Form, in which the foot, in process of forma-tion, has become deformed before birth. 2. The Acquired Form, in which the foot, perfect at birth, hasat a later time become distorted. The congenital deformity may be considered simply as atwisted foot, of which the component parts, although distortedto a greater or less degree, are capable of regaining perfect formand function. This is practically true of the great majority of Fig. Congenital valgus. cases, although there are cases complicated by defective forma-tion of the foot or leg, or by paralysis; as, for example, in cer-tain forms of spina bifida or other congenital defect or diseaseof the nervous apparatus. The acquired deformity is nearly always a consequence ofdisease of the spinal cord (anterior poliomyelitis). The motivepower is unbalanced by the paralysis of certain muscles anddistortion is induced by the contraction of the unopposedmuscles and by the influence of gravity. This distortion isconfirmed and increased by the accommodative changes instructure that accompany functional use and growth in the ab-normal attitude. Far less often acquired talipes is the result of paralysis ofcerebral origin, of other forms of disease of the spinal cord, orof local paralysis following neuritis or injury to a nerve trunk. DEFORMITIES OF TEE FOOT. 789 It may be caused by scar contraction, as after a severe burn, orby direct inju
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