. Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. 54 EVOLUTION IN COLOR-PATTERN OF THE LADY-BEETLES. 3051 a. Hippodamia apicalis Casey. Distribution: Colorado to California, Arizona to Washington. This species is closely allied to the the previous one (see fig. 43). It is given specific rank because of its smaller size, darker pronotum, different head and elytral pattern, and lack of intergrades. Since its range is within that of H. parenthesis, which it does not displace, it can not be a subspecies of it. In the following descriptions, a is a black mark along the suture at and near the apex.
. Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. 54 EVOLUTION IN COLOR-PATTERN OF THE LADY-BEETLES. 3051 a. Hippodamia apicalis Casey. Distribution: Colorado to California, Arizona to Washington. This species is closely allied to the the previous one (see fig. 43). It is given specific rank because of its smaller size, darker pronotum, different head and elytral pattern, and lack of intergrades. Since its range is within that of H. parenthesis, which it does not displace, it can not be a subspecies of it. In the following descriptions, a is a black mark along the suture at and near the apex. Typical pattern: Spots J+3, 1+2, 4+5+6+ a. (Fig. 43, e.) Var. Spots J+3, 1+2, 6+4+5+6+o inclosing alight spot. Arizona. (Fig. 43, h.) Var. Spots J+3, 1+2+4+5+6+a off. arctica Schneider. Nevada and Utah. (Fig. 43, flr.) Var. Spots J+3, 1, 5, 4+6+a. Idaho. (Fig. 43, i.) Var. Spots J+3, 1, 4, 5, 6+a. Colorado and Wyoming. (Fig. 43, c.) Var. Spots J+3, 1, 4, 6+a. Colorado and Wyoming. Var. Spots J+3, 5, 4+6, «. Colorado and Wyoming. Var. Spots J+3, 1, 4, 6, a. Colorado and Wyoming. Var. Spots J+3, 1, 4, a. Colorado and Wyoming. Var. Spots J+3, 1, a. Colorado and Wyoming. The pronotum is always much darker than in H. parenthesis, the caudal white spot being especially reduced. The head has 2 spots near the cephalic border in- stead-of 2 pyramids with their bases upon the border, as in H. parenthesis*. FIQ, 43.—Variation of elytral pattern in H. icalix. e =- mode; a, from California; b, il, from Colorado; c from Wyoming; r,f, (/, from Nevada: h. from Arizona; /, from Idaho. Subspecies of Nevada and Utah: Spots never found missing and the vit- tate variety frequent. Subspecies of Colorado and Wyoming: The spots much reduced and some frequently lacking. Subspecies of Arizona: The black pattern much enlarged but not vittate. A further development in this direction is seen in Southern California in H. lengi. Hippodamia apicalis is more closely allied to the European H. arctica and the
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