The British nation a history / by George MWrong . hilipattacked him near triumph of the Englishwas comi^lete, and King Johnand his son remained prisonersin their hands. After Poitiers,the French, inferior in the openfield, preferred to shut them-selves up within The French now n i , t offer better walled towns and resistance. The to leave the enemyto harry the coun-try, but the advan-tages of this defensive warfarewere lessened by the use ofartillery, which began in thesecond quarter of this century. Cannon were invented before the smaller arms, but ourgeneration, strong for destr
The British nation a history / by George MWrong . hilipattacked him near triumph of the Englishwas comi^lete, and King Johnand his son remained prisonersin their hands. After Poitiers,the French, inferior in the openfield, preferred to shut them-selves up within The French now n i , t offer better walled towns and resistance. The to leave the enemyto harry the coun-try, but the advan-tages of this defensive warfarewere lessened by the use ofartillery, which began in thesecond quarter of this century. Cannon were invented before the smaller arms, but ourgeneration, strong for destruction, smiles at their feeble-ness. Stones were often used as cannon-balls, and onlyabout three shots could be fired in an hour. Yet with the appearance of can-non the glory ofthe mediaeval cas-tle declined ; liith-erto the most for-midable assaultswere from mova-ble towers pushedup close to thewall or from cum-brous battering-rams, but nowartillery loosened the castles masonry and sometimesbrought down its walls. Wlien the peasantry of France,. ENGLAND IN THE FOURTEENTH CENTURY 181 maddened hj the extortion and desolation of war, rosein lo58 in a revolt, called the Jacquerie (from Jacques,the nickname of the French peasant), they were crushedonly hy the aid of the English leaders, who saw a greaterenemy in peasant independence than in France. Bothnations were growing weary of Avhat was becoming an in-glorious struggle, and France in particularBre%ny, 1360. ^^^^ Suffered terribly. The Treaty of Bre-tigny in 1360 ended the war for a gave up all ^^.,^,^^^5!^,.claim to the Duchy ofAquitaine, the terri-tory lying between theLoire and the Pyre-nees ; of this EdwardIII was to be the ruler,and he in turn aban-doned his claim to thethrone of France andto territory north ofthe Loire, except thedistrict about French KingJohn, a captive in Ed-wards hands, Avas tobe released for theenormous ransom ofabout £750,000. The Treaty of Bre-tigny was made almostto be broke
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