. Building and repairing railways . in theAlps, and is fairly illustrated by Fig. 61. Theother European methods have as many timberbraces, etc., but the arrangement is different; thereader is referred to the work mentioned previ-ously for the details of them. One of the methods adopted in America is il-lustrated in Fig. 62. It was used on the Cincin-nati Southern Railway. Air compressors anddrills are illustrated by Figs. 63 and 65. To hasten the construction of tunnels, shaftsare often sunk and the work carried on from bothsides of the shaft. Where shafts are used or atthe end of a tunnel whe
. Building and repairing railways . in theAlps, and is fairly illustrated by Fig. 61. Theother European methods have as many timberbraces, etc., but the arrangement is different; thereader is referred to the work mentioned previ-ously for the details of them. One of the methods adopted in America is il-lustrated in Fig. 62. It was used on the Cincin-nati Southern Railway. Air compressors anddrills are illustrated by Figs. 63 and 65. To hasten the construction of tunnels, shaftsare often sunk and the work carried on from bothsides of the shaft. Where shafts are used or atthe end of a tunnel where the grade descendsinto the tunnel, pumping plants of liberal capac-ity must be installed to enable the working headto be relieved promptly of water, should a largequantity be encountered. The masonry will con-sist of the foundation, invert, abutments andarch; they must be of the best material and work-manship, laid with thin joints and paralleledbeds or courses. The backing must be thorough- 116 BUILDING AND REPAIRING CONSTRUCTION. 117 ly rammed between the rock or soil and the ma-sonry, so that the pressure will be uniformly
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1900, booksubjectrailroa, bookyear1901
