. History of the United States from the earliest discovery of America to the present time. respectively 260 EXPANSION L1899 the first and the second group. The Min-danao coasts held here and there a fewChristian Filipinos, but the chief denizensof the southern islands were the fierceArab-Malay Mohammedans known asMoros,most important and dangerous of whosetribes were the Illanos. In all, there were thirty or more races,with an even greater number of differentdialects. Northern Luzon housed the ad-vanced Ilocoans, Pampangos, Pangasinanes,and Cagayanes, with their hardy bronzeheathen neighbors,
. History of the United States from the earliest discovery of America to the present time. respectively 260 EXPANSION L1899 the first and the second group. The Min-danao coasts held here and there a fewChristian Filipinos, but the chief denizensof the southern islands were the fierceArab-Malay Mohammedans known asMoros,most important and dangerous of whosetribes were the Illanos. In all, there were thirty or more races,with an even greater number of differentdialects. Northern Luzon housed the ad-vanced Ilocoans, Pampangos, Pangasinanes,and Cagayanes, with their hardy bronzeheathen neighbors, the Igorrotes. TheVisayas had many degraded aborigines, theNegritos among them. Over against theMoros in the Mindanao group one couldnot ignore the warlike Visayan variation,or the swarming savages of the interior,hostile alike to Moro and Visaya. The population of the islands numbered8,000,000 or 10,000,000, 25,000 being Eu-ropeans. Half the islanders were Chris-tians, eight or ten per cent. Mohammedan,perhaps ten per cent, heathen. One con-siderable fraction were Chinese, another of. > 1899] UNITED STATES IX THE OR 1 EXT 263 mixed extraction. Probably none of theraces were of pure Mala) blood, thoughMalay blood predominated. Mercantilepursuits were largely in Chinese Moros disdained tillage and commercealike, living on slave labor and captures inwar. Spain had done in the islands much moreeducational work than the Americans atfirst recognized, though none of an ad-vanced kind. Schools were numerous butnot general. Many Filipinos had studied inEurope. There was a select class possess-ing information and manners which wouldhave admitted them to cultivated circles inParis or London, and thousands of Fili-pinos were intellectually the peers of aver-middle-class Europeans. The Univer-sity of St. Thomas graced Manila. Someseventy colleges and academies at variouscentres professed to prepare pupils for it. Filipinos of aught like cosmopolitan in-telligence numbered less
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