. Comparative animal physiology. Physiology, Comparative; Physiology, Comparative. 20 21 22 23 24 2J 26. Fig. 91. Temperature of honeybee cluster in winter. From Himmer.*'* occurs in bees at about 7°, in wasps and ants at about 0°. Apparently food absorption is reduced critically at these temperatures, since bees die at tempera tures above freezing with their stomachs full of sugar. Hymenoptera combine chemical and physical means in maintaining a relatively constant temperature of the nest. In addition to producing metabolic heat, insects can absorb radiant heat from the sun and from a radiati
. Comparative animal physiology. Physiology, Comparative; Physiology, Comparative. 20 21 22 23 24 2J 26. Fig. 91. Temperature of honeybee cluster in winter. From Himmer.*'* occurs in bees at about 7°, in wasps and ants at about 0°. Apparently food absorption is reduced critically at these temperatures, since bees die at tempera tures above freezing with their stomachs full of sugar. Hymenoptera combine chemical and physical means in maintaining a relatively constant temperature of the nest. In addition to producing metabolic heat, insects can absorb radiant heat from the sun and from a radiating substratum such as a hot rock. Summaries of available data of absorption and reflection are found in the literature;'"''' ^'- the most complete measurements are by Rucker.'*^^ There is little correlation between color as seen in visible light and the transmission by the body wall of infrared (wave length 1-3 /x). The absorption of infrared, hence of radiant heat, ditters less from insect to insect than does absorption of difl:erent visible wave lengths. In general, however, dark insects absorb more infrared than light-colored ones. For example, the dark elytra of the beetle CMrahus reflect less than half of the infrared and reflect least at jn, whereas the white. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Prosser, C. Ladd (Clifford Ladd), 1907-; Bishop, David W. Philadelphia, Saunders
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