. Elements of ecology. Ecology. 230 ° 70° N. 50°- 60° N 40° 50° N 30° â¢40°N 20° ⢠30° N. 10° â 20° N. 0° ⢠10° Ni 0° - 10° S. 10° â 20°Si 20° ⢠30° Si 30° â 40° S« 40° ⢠50° S. 50° 60° SI I Light II III IV V VI VIIVIII IX X XI XII I II III IV V VI 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 M Mil,. I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII I II III IV V VI Fig. Relative intensity of breeding of the English sparrow in each month of the year at the indicated latitudes. (Baker, 1938.) Ultraviolet Light The small fraction of the sun's radiation that reaches the ear
. Elements of ecology. Ecology. 230 ° 70° N. 50°- 60° N 40° 50° N 30° â¢40°N 20° ⢠30° N. 10° â 20° N. 0° ⢠10° Ni 0° - 10° S. 10° â 20°Si 20° ⢠30° Si 30° â 40° S« 40° ⢠50° S. 50° 60° SI I Light II III IV V VI VIIVIII IX X XI XII I II III IV V VI 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 M Mil,. I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII I II III IV V VI Fig. Relative intensity of breeding of the English sparrow in each month of the year at the indicated latitudes. (Baker, 1938.) Ultraviolet Light The small fraction of the sun's radiation that reaches the earth as ultraviolet hght has certain very special biological effects, and some of these may be of ecological significance. The sensitivity of the bee's eye to this part of the spectrum and its use in orientation has already been mentioned. The population size of certain land animals in north central United States was found by Shelford (1951 and 1951a) to be correlated with the intensity of ultraviolet light, although the reactions that underlie the correlation are not known. The bactericidal action of ultraviolet is familar and causes the destruction of micro- organisms that are excessively exposed to the direct rays of the sun. Ultraviolet radiation produces sunburn, or erythema, in man and per- haps causes harmful effects in other animals under natural condi- tions, although this question has not been investigated from the ecological viewpoint. Ultraviolet also brings about the production of vitamin D with its antirachitic effect. Vitamin D is formed by the irradiation by ultraviolet light of certain sterols, or fatty Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Clarke, George L. (George Leonard), 1905-. New York, Wiley
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