. The Roentgen rays in medicine and surgery as an aid in diagnosis and as a therapeutic agent : designed for the use of practitioners and students . Fig. 355. Oven for heating tube, thereby hberating gas from its walls and lowering its resistance. that it is a necessary result of use. He therefore considers that toreduce this resistance some method should be devised to restore thesegases to the terminals. Tube-holder and Diaphragm. — In addition to a suitable apparatusand tube for producing a small and steady radiant area, it is essentialfor obtaining the best definition to so enclose the tube
. The Roentgen rays in medicine and surgery as an aid in diagnosis and as a therapeutic agent : designed for the use of practitioners and students . Fig. 355. Oven for heating tube, thereby hberating gas from its walls and lowering its resistance. that it is a necessary result of use. He therefore considers that toreduce this resistance some method should be devised to restore thesegases to the terminals. Tube-holder and Diaphragm. — In addition to a suitable apparatusand tube for producing a small and steady radiant area, it is essentialfor obtaining the best definition to so enclose the tube that no X-raysikn escape except the smallest cone that will cover the area to be photo-graphed. Figure 42, Chapter II, page 52, shows a suitable tube-holderwith cover removed, and Fig. 356 shows the cover and diaphragm inplace. DENTAL SURGERY 605 Screen. — While taking radiographs of the teeth it is, of course,important to avoid danger of burns ; an aluminum screen, grounded, as. Fig. 356. Apparatus in position for pliotographing upper front teeth. suggested by Tesla, should therefore be used (see Chapter II, page58). A good form of screen for dental photography is shown inFig. 356. It consists of a framework of wood sliding on the tube- 6o6 THE ROENTGEN RAYS IN MEDICINE AND SURGERY holder. To this is attached a disk of tin 43 centimetres in diameter, inthe middle of which is a square hole 10 centimetres in diameter. Threesides of the square surrounding the hole are grooved, and in thesegrooves sHdes a sheet of aluminum or a screen of aluminum wire. Thelatter is the more convenient, as it allows the ordinary light as well asthe X-rays to pass on to the patient, and shows to the eye the areacovered by the cone of X-rays escaping from the tube-holder. Position of Patient. — Figure 356 shows the general arrangement ofthe apparatus for taking a photograph of the upper front teeth. Position of Plate or Film. — Glass plates are less useful than filmsfor photogra
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