. Forging of iron and steel, a text book for the use of students in colleges, secondary schools and the shop . ts of charging the pig and scraptogether. The Siemans, or pig and ore process. By this method,a bath of cast iron is decarburized by adding ore rich inoxygen, as Fe304 or Fe203. The oxygen unites with thecarbon, silicon, and manganese of the cast iron to formslag and CO. In the process just described, the lining of the hearthof the furnace is of silica which acts on the phosphorusin the iron, changing it to phosphoric acid, which re-mains in the iron. If the pig iron contains much pho
. Forging of iron and steel, a text book for the use of students in colleges, secondary schools and the shop . ts of charging the pig and scraptogether. The Siemans, or pig and ore process. By this method,a bath of cast iron is decarburized by adding ore rich inoxygen, as Fe304 or Fe203. The oxygen unites with thecarbon, silicon, and manganese of the cast iron to formslag and CO. In the process just described, the lining of the hearthof the furnace is of silica which acts on the phosphorusin the iron, changing it to phosphoric acid, which re-mains in the iron. If the pig iron contains much phos-phorus, a lining of lime and magnesia is used. Wheniron is melted in a furnace having a lining of lime andmagnesia, the process and furnace are said to be basic;and when a silica lining is used, they are termed acidic. IRON AND STEEL 27 Bessemer steel is made by a process differing radicallyfrom those described above in that liquid pig iron isconverted into mild steel, no fuel being used, other thanthe oxidizable elements in the iron, which elements areburned out by the forcing of air through the liquid. Fig. 14 metal. The operation is performed in a Bessemer Con-verter (Fig. 14). It consists of a steel shell, lined with arefractory material, and in shape resembling the hub ofa wagon wheel. It has a double bottom which containsan air chamber (C), connecting with numerous smallopenings called tuyeres. Air enters through the blastmain (A). The entire converter is hung on trunnions sothat it can be turned to a horizontal position for char-ging and back to the natural for blowing. To be charged, the converter is turned (Fig. 15) sothat the liquid cast iron can be poured into it from aladle or run into it direct from the blast furnace (Fron-tispiece). The converter is so made that when it is 28 FORGING OF IRON AND STEEL
Size: 1748px × 1430px
Photo credit: © Reading Room 2020 / Alamy / Afripics
License: Licensed
Model Released: No
Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, bookpublishernewyo, bookyear1915
