. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. PISCES. Fig. 503. 969. sphenoidal and alar bones; and an elevator, (Jig. 502, 24,) which comes from be- neath the orbit, and antago- nizes the preceding by dila- ting the cavity in which the branchiae are lodged; these two are the principal muscles employed in respiration. Muscles of the operculum. —The movements of the oper- culum are very similar to those of the palato-tympanic arch, and its muscles likewise con- sist simply of an elevator and a depressor (Jigs. 504 & 505, 25, 26.) Muscles of the os hyoides. —The p
. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. PISCES. Fig. 503. 969. sphenoidal and alar bones; and an elevator, (Jig. 502, 24,) which comes from be- neath the orbit, and antago- nizes the preceding by dila- ting the cavity in which the branchiae are lodged; these two are the principal muscles employed in respiration. Muscles of the operculum. —The movements of the oper- culum are very similar to those of the palato-tympanic arch, and its muscles likewise con- sist simply of an elevator and a depressor (Jigs. 504 & 505, 25, 26.) Muscles of the os hyoides. —The principal of these (figs. 503 & 505, 27) seems to correspond to the genio-hy- oideus, and has a similar of- fice ; its antagonist is a pro- longation of the great lateral muscle of the body (Jig. 503, 1,1.) Muscles of the branchiostegous membrane.— These consist of a layer of fibres (Jigs. 503, 504, 28) running transversely across the inner surface of the branchiostegons rays; this is in some Fishes assisted by accessory muscular fibres derived from the os hyoides. Muscles of the branchial and pharyngeal apparatus.—These must be divided into several groups, some of which connect this apparatus with the skull, others to the spine, others to the humeral bone, and others to the os hyoides ; while some connect one part of the apparatus to another. Their general distribution is shewn in Jig. 505, 32,35, 37, &c.,butto describe them more minutely would carry us beyond our limits. In the Ostracions, or box-fishes, which have their entire body, with the exception of their jaws and fins, enclosed in a dense case of ar- mour, the arrangement of the lateral muscles of the trunk is considerably modified ; they oc- cupy, indeed, the same situation, but are only attached at the head and tail. In this case Myology of the Perch. After Cuvier. Fig. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - co
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