. Ridpath's Universal history : an account of the origin, primitive condition and ethnic development of the great races of mankind, and of the principal events in the evolution and progress of the civilized life among men and nations, from recent and authentic sources with a preliminary inquiry on the time, place and manner of the beginning. gence of Rus-sia from barbarism. A great advantagewas thus gained on the score of ducit—the leader leads. A nationonce gaining possession of the sea and aknowledge of the lines of communicationand methods of transmarine trade willreadily hold


. Ridpath's Universal history : an account of the origin, primitive condition and ethnic development of the great races of mankind, and of the principal events in the evolution and progress of the civilized life among men and nations, from recent and authentic sources with a preliminary inquiry on the time, place and manner of the beginning. gence of Rus-sia from barbarism. A great advantagewas thus gained on the score of ducit—the leader leads. A nationonce gaining possession of the sea and aknowledge of the lines of communicationand methods of transmarine trade willreadily hold such advantage, keepingback new aspirants from the profits aris-ing therefrom. In the second place, the situation of 158 GREAT RACES OE JILIXK/XD. Russia, both geograpliical and political,has conspired against her and preventedher commercial development. Her vastterritories and small seacoast have com-bined to check the commercial want of means of communicationfrom the interior has hindered the accu-mulation of the resources of trade at beginning of the eighteenth century didthe commercial life obtain the favor ofthe czars, and then for the first time theobstructions to that manner of enterprisewere discovered. Vainly did Czar Peter beat againstthe barriers of nature. Vainly did heseek an outlet for the energfies of his. ARCHI FECIURE —Palace of Paul I at Moscow.—Drawn A. de Bar. those few points from which only foreigncommerce might be undertaken. Greathave been the impediments in these par-ticulars. The establishment of the oldcapital of the empire and central seat ofthe vSlavic nations at Moscow tended todrawback the energies of all the Russiansfrom the seaward draft. The policylong pursued by the government con-curred with these geographical and po-litical disadvantacres. Not until the race and people in the direction of theseaboard. Vainly did he czarPeterat-transfer his canital to the tempts to pro- (_apiLai lu luc mote commer-COld gu


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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, booksubjectworldhistory, bookyea