. Railroad digest . link are past a line of dead-center,which construction serves to lock thedoor in its closed position, the ratchet-pawls serving to prevent the rock-armfrom being dislodged. When it is designed to open the door,the pawls are disengaged from theratchet and the rock-arm turned down,which, through the link connections ofthe door, causes the door to swingdownwardly and outwardly. Hopper-Bottom Car No. 669, I. KING, of Detroit, Mich., assignor to the American Car and Foundry Company, of St. Louis, Mo. In a hopper-bottom car, the combina-tion with the side sheets which a


. Railroad digest . link are past a line of dead-center,which construction serves to lock thedoor in its closed position, the ratchet-pawls serving to prevent the rock-armfrom being dislodged. When it is designed to open the door,the pawls are disengaged from theratchet and the rock-arm turned down,which, through the link connections ofthe door, causes the door to swingdownwardly and outwardly. Hopper-Bottom Car No. 669, I. KING, of Detroit, Mich., assignor to the American Car and Foundry Company, of St. Louis, Mo. In a hopper-bottom car, the combina-tion with the side sheets which aresheared or cut oft at an angle alongtheir lower edges, said hopper-sheetsforming continuations of the sidesheets, and inclined floor-sheets form-ed with downturned flanges along theirsides which extend to the lower edgesof the side and hopper sheets, and se-. curing devices which pasflanges and said sidesheets. ; through saidand hopper Composite Railway-Tie No. C. HARRELL, of Bain-bridge, Ga. The invention consists in a compos-ite railway-tie of such construction asto avoid the necessity of all nuts,which, as is well known, are impos-sible to be kept from shaking loose,one in which the rails are secured totheir chairs or supports by a resilientfastening which is very easily removedwhen necessary and in which the fas-tening is so simple that the rail canbe easily released from the tie andthe cushion of compressed flber or sim-ilar substance be readily replaced orrenewed. It is also manifest that thetie and its plastic housing are so pro- Vol. XL No. 4 RAILROAD DIGEST 163


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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1900, booksubjectrailroa, bookyear1901