. The Civil War : the national view . was not madethe exclusive or final judge of the extent of the powers dele-gated to itself, since that would have made its discretion,and not the Constitution, the measure of its powers; butthat as in all other cases of compact among parties havingno common judge, each party has an equal right to judgefor itself, as well of infractions as of the mode and measureof redress. Having thus stated the working principle ofconstitutional interpretation, the Resolutions pronounced thealien acts and also an act to punish frauds on the Bank ofthe United States altoget
. The Civil War : the national view . was not madethe exclusive or final judge of the extent of the powers dele-gated to itself, since that would have made its discretion,and not the Constitution, the measure of its powers; butthat as in all other cases of compact among parties havingno common judge, each party has an equal right to judgefor itself, as well of infractions as of the mode and measureof redress. Having thus stated the working principle ofconstitutional interpretation, the Resolutions pronounced thealien acts and also an act to punish frauds on the Bank ofthe United States altogether void and of no force, andthat the power to create, define and punish such other crimesis reserved and of right pertains solely and exclusively tothe respective States, each within its own Territory. Powersnot delegated to the United States were reserved to theStates and that among these reserved powers were the free-dom of religion, of speech and of the press—in interferencewith which the alien laws were construed, under the T. CONFEDERACY OR NATION i8l Resolutions, as violating the State constitutions; the acts com-plained of are not authorized by the Federal Compact. The Virginia Resolutions protested against the acts aspalpable and alarming infractions of the Constitutions;as exercising a power nowhere delegated to the FederalGovernment and which subvert the general principles offree government. Virginia therefore appealed to the otherStates In confidence that they would concur in declaringthe acts unconstitutional. The second Kentucky Resolutions, November 14, 1799,went further. The State declared Its attachment to theUnion and declared that It would be among the last toseek its dissolution but If those who administer the GeneralGovernment be permitted to transgress the limits fixed bythat compact, by a total disregard to the special delegationsof powers therein contained, an annihilation of the StateGovernments, and the creation on their ruins of a GeneralConsolidate
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1900, bookidcivilwarnati, bookyear1906
