The sea west of Spitsbergen; the oceanographic observations of the Isachsen Spitsbergen Expedition in 1910 . to the south, and the Isachsen stations to the east (cf. Figs. 39 and 40).Whether this is due to slight differences which really have existed in thesea, or to slight differences in the titrations, cannot be decided. From what has been pointed out above, we may 1 draw the conclusion that the bottom-water, when it is formed in the region ofAmundsens stations, has at 2000 metres a temperature of about — ° C. igi2. No. 12. THE SEA WEST OF SPITSBERGEN. 53 (corresponding to about — C
The sea west of Spitsbergen; the oceanographic observations of the Isachsen Spitsbergen Expedition in 1910 . to the south, and the Isachsen stations to the east (cf. Figs. 39 and 40).Whether this is due to slight differences which really have existed in thesea, or to slight differences in the titrations, cannot be decided. From what has been pointed out above, we may 1 draw the conclusion that the bottom-water, when it is formed in the region ofAmundsens stations, has at 2000 metres a temperature of about — ° C. igi2. No. 12. THE SEA WEST OF SPITSBERGEN. 53 (corresponding to about — C. at the surface) and a salinity of be-tween and °/oo. This water, with a density {at) of about ,spreads slowly along the bottom of the sea outwards from this intermixture with overlying waters the temperature as well as the Fi<*. 40. Observations of the Bottom-water at 1200 metres, during the Amundsen Exp. in1901, the Belgica Exp. in 1905 and the Isachsen Exp. in salinity of this coldest and deepest water may gradually be slightly has also to be considered that the formation of bottom-water is a some-what complicated process going on during a great part of the winter, andthat a great deal of the sinking water will not reach the greatest depths,but will form deep intermediate layers having temperatures and salinitiessomewhat hisher than those of the coldest bottom-water. 54 BJ0RN HELLAND-HAN5EN AND FRIDTJOF NAXSEN. Kl. We may thus get an explanation of the generally low salinities of thedeepest and coldest water at the Isachsen stations. Fg- 39 gives the observations in 2000 metres at the Isachsen and theAmundsen stations, and in 1800 metres at the Belgica stations. Thereis here a central region with salinities less than ° 00. This may beaccidental, but it may also indicate some reality. It was mentioned abovethat the Isachsen stations 23 and 24 were in or near the central cold areaof this sea, where the cold bot
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