Diseases of the nervous system : a text-book of neurology and psychiatry . , aphasias, nausea and vomiting, and gradual mentalinvolvement. These signs should stand in direct relationship to theinjury, and should not be complicated by signs originating at a dis-tance from the site of the injury or from other causes (Argyll-Robertsonfrom syphilis, for instance). Chronic meningeal inflammations are occasionally found in children,giving the signs of a posterior basilar meningitis. They are often com-plicated with hydrocephalus. Opisthotonus is frequent. Many aredue to syphilis, as the Wassermann t
Diseases of the nervous system : a text-book of neurology and psychiatry . , aphasias, nausea and vomiting, and gradual mentalinvolvement. These signs should stand in direct relationship to theinjury, and should not be complicated by signs originating at a dis-tance from the site of the injury or from other causes (Argyll-Robertsonfrom syphilis, for instance). Chronic meningeal inflammations are occasionally found in children,giving the signs of a posterior basilar meningitis. They are often com-plicated with hydrocephalus. Opisthotonus is frequent. Many aredue to syphilis, as the Wassermann tests show. HYDROCEPHALUS 455 Hydrocephalus.—An accumulation of fluid within the cranialcavities takes place in a variety of affections. It is invariable in theacute meningitides, in greater or lesser degree; in tuberculous menin-gitis it is often extreme and comes on with great rapidity—acutehydrocephalus being practically synonymous with a tuberculousbasilar meningitis. External hydrocephalus is often synonymous with serous meningitis;as an entity it is Fig. 229. -Showing marked hydrocephalus. Clinically the patient showed epilepticattacks and was markedly feeble-minded. (Munson.) Hydrocephalus is a very frequent complication in tumors of thebrain, particularly in tumors of the third ventricle, the pineal, thecorpora quadrigemina, and those causing pressure upon the conditions are discussed under Brain Tumor. Ventricular hydro-cephalus often results from such structural anamolies as cephalocele,and spina bifida. In children one may find a primary chronic hydrocephalus of as yetunsettled pathology; but there is usually a chronic ependymitis present. 456 DISEASES OF THE MENINGES One to five pints, even gallons, of fluid may accumulate. The fluidis clear, slightly alkaline with sp. gr. , containing the earthychlorides, albumin, phosphates, and occasionally a sugar-reducing sub-stance. The presence of high percentages of albumin and manycellul
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