. Canada; a descriptive text-book . reat deal of iron in Ontario, but as jret it is of comparativelylittle value, for no coal has been discovered near enough to make smeltingprofitable. Up to the present time British Columbia and Nova Scotia have beenthe chief mining provinces. Gold has been mined in the latter for manyyears in sufficient quantities to yield the mine owners a fair profit. Butthe mineral for which Nova Scotia has long been noted is coal. Thereare several large mines, but those at Sydney, in Cape Breton Island, areparticularly valuable. Here one may see a large ship loading at t
. Canada; a descriptive text-book . reat deal of iron in Ontario, but as jret it is of comparativelylittle value, for no coal has been discovered near enough to make smeltingprofitable. Up to the present time British Columbia and Nova Scotia have beenthe chief mining provinces. Gold has been mined in the latter for manyyears in sufficient quantities to yield the mine owners a fair profit. Butthe mineral for which Nova Scotia has long been noted is coal. Thereare several large mines, but those at Sydney, in Cape Breton Island, areparticularly valuable. Here one may see a large ship loading at the dockwith coal, which has been taken from under the sea right where the shipis riding. For the mines extend a considerable distance under the sea,though the entrance shaft is on land. Quite recently a very strong com-pany of capitalists has secured valuable iron land on Newfoundland, justopposite Sydney, and is now building at Sydney what will be perhapsthe largest iron and steel works in America. i, * >• CANADA. CHAPTER *^ Cutting down Trees. LUMBERING. ?HE eastern half of Canada was once coveredwith forests, and great tracts are still un-cleared. When the early settlers came,they had to go to work with axes and cleara small patch of land. Then with the logs,roughly squared, they built a house., fillingin the chinks with mortar or clay. At oneend was a stone chimney with a fire-placethat would hold half a dozen big logs. Hereroaring wood fires were huilt, and no onecould wish a more cheerful place than theliving room of one of these log shanties ona cold winter night, The settler went towork every winter to clear more of his landand before long had several good fields. Atfirst, when he had to get rid of the logs and stumps he burnt them andmade potash from the ashes. But later, saw mills were put up hereand there, for the settlers began to want finer houses and that meantsawn lumber. There was a growing demand also in England for timberand the United States furnish
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