. The comparative anatomy of the domesticated animals. Horses; Veterinary anatomy. 220 TRE ARTICULATIONS. No. 1. No. 2. executed. But at the same time they also glide in an inverse direction, and to a very appreciable degree, on the superior extremity of the tibia. Therefore, during flexion, they pass from behind forward on this extremity, and are drawn backwards during extension. In rotation—which may take place from within to without, or from without to within—the movement is produced not only Fig. 142. by the pivoting of the condyles in their glenoid cavities, but also by a sensible dis- pl
. The comparative anatomy of the domesticated animals. Horses; Veterinary anatomy. 220 TRE ARTICULATIONS. No. 1. No. 2. executed. But at the same time they also glide in an inverse direction, and to a very appreciable degree, on the superior extremity of the tibia. Therefore, during flexion, they pass from behind forward on this extremity, and are drawn backwards during extension. In rotation—which may take place from within to without, or from without to within—the movement is produced not only Fig. 142. by the pivoting of the condyles in their glenoid cavities, but also by a sensible dis- placement of the meniscii on the tibial sur- J44W, ^HM P^ ' iigk, faces. In the Dog and Cat, the meniscii are joined together, near their anterior insprtion, by a trans- verse fibrous band. There is oulyoiie patellar liga- ment, aud the lijrament shows in its sub- stance, two bmall sesaitioid bones against which the condyles of the femur play inwardly, and wliicli give attachment, outwardly, to the originating branches of the gastrocnemius muscle. There is no femoro- pattllar capsule, and only one synovial membrane for the whole articulation. In the Pig and Sheep, there is also only one ligament aud one synovial capsule. 4. TlBIO-FIBULAR ARTICULATION. This articulation represents a small plani- form diathrosis, the movements of which are very limited and ol>scure. It is formed by the union of the irregular diathrodial facet which occupies the internal face of the head of the fibula, with the analogous facet on the external superior tuberosity of the tibia. Short and strong interosseous or peripheral fibres envelop these facets on every side, and maintain them firmly in contact. The fibula is also attached to the tibia : " 1. Above, by two small ligamentous fasci- culi crossed like the letter X, which form the superior part of the great arch through which pass the anterior tibial arteiy and vein (Fig. 142, 12). 2. In the middle, by a kind of aponeurotic memb
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