Social England : a record of the progress of the people in religion, laws, learning, arts, industry, commerce, science, literature and manners, from the earliest times to the present day . ss in matter of size was moreconspicuous after the commencement of the eighteenth centurythan it had been up to the end of the reign of William, whenthere was no vessel of more than 1,700 tons burthen in the Navy. 26 THE AGE OF WALPOLE. The Guns. [1714 Before the death of George II., a first-rate (the Royal George),of 2,047 tons; a second-rate (the Sandwich), of 1,869 tons: athird-rate (the Valiant), oi 1,79
Social England : a record of the progress of the people in religion, laws, learning, arts, industry, commerce, science, literature and manners, from the earliest times to the present day . ss in matter of size was moreconspicuous after the commencement of the eighteenth centurythan it had been up to the end of the reign of William, whenthere was no vessel of more than 1,700 tons burthen in the Navy. 26 THE AGE OF WALPOLE. The Guns. [1714 Before the death of George II., a first-rate (the Royal George),of 2,047 tons; a second-rate (the Sandwich), of 1,869 tons: athird-rate (the Valiant), oi 1,799 tons; and a fourth-rate (theChatham), of 1,052 tons, had been built. Thus, in the course ofabout fifty years, the new fourth-rates had grown to be as largeas the old third-rates, and the new third-rates to be even larg-erthan the old first-rates. And the weight of armament of mostof the rates had increased j^roportionately. For example, a90-gun second rate of 1716 threw 1,606 lb. of metal, but a90-gun second-rate of 1745 threw 1,684 lb.; a 70-gun third-rate of 1716 threw 1,056 lb., but a 70-gun third-rate of 1745 50-gun fourth-rate of 1716 threw 642 threw 1,480 lb.; and a MEDAL COMiIElIORATIX(; THE SEA FKillT OFF CAPE PASSARU, 171S. lb., but a 50-gun fourth-rate of 1745 threw 840 Jb. Similarly,the strength and weight of all gear increased. The weight ofbower anchors was, for instance : for a first-rate in 1706, 74 cwt.,in 1747, 81 cwt. ; for a second-rate in 1706, 6Qh cwt., in 1747,1^ cwt. ; for a third-rate in 1706, 49 cwt., in 1747, 58| cwt. ;and for a fourth-rate in 1706, 36i cwt., in 1747, 49 cwt. Attention has already been directed (IV., p. (57) to the mannerin which the timber of the Sovereirpi of the Seas, of 1687, hadbeen seasoned. In 1684 it had been found that all the ancientwood then in the shi}) was so hard that it was no easy matterto drive a nail into it. Another method was tried, early in theeighteenth century, with the Royal William, a small first-rat
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