. Steel rails; their history, properties, strength and manufacture, with notes on the principles of rolling stock and track design . d aO o o 6 Laughlin Steel Companys plant, where the Talbot open-hearth process isemployed. More Talbot tilting open-hearth furnaces have been installed, bothin this country and in England, than the Wellman furnace. 378 STEEL RAILS The tilting furnaces do away with a great portion of the tap-hole troubles,the taphole being above the metal and slag lines with the furnace in the normalposition, and it is consequently only necessary to fill the tap hole with a veryli
. Steel rails; their history, properties, strength and manufacture, with notes on the principles of rolling stock and track design . d aO o o 6 Laughlin Steel Companys plant, where the Talbot open-hearth process isemployed. More Talbot tilting open-hearth furnaces have been installed, bothin this country and in England, than the Wellman furnace. 378 STEEL RAILS The tilting furnaces do away with a great portion of the tap-hole troubles,the taphole being above the metal and slag lines with the furnace in the normalposition, and it is consequently only necessary to fill the tap hole with a verylight tamping. They also enable the melter to thoroughly drain the furnacebottom of any slag or metal, it being in the stationary furnace often a difficultmatter to rabble or splash out all depressions, and any portion of the heat left. Fig. 261. — Wellman Tilting Open-hearth Furnace. (Am. Tech. Soc.) in such a hole very soon tends to permeate and disintegi^ate the surroundingbottom The process of open-hearth steel production* at the Gary works is illus-trated by the following description of an open-hearth heat. This consisted ofcharging limestone and ore into a basic open-hearth furnace heated \\ith pro-ducer gas and piling on scrap. The charging was started at After2| hours liquid mixer metal was added, and the whole was melted down until * Report of Tests of Open-heart li RaiKs& M. of. W. Assn., Vol. 12, Part 2, 1911 • Gary Works. Wickhorst. Proceedings Am. Ry. Eng. INFLUKNCE OF DI:TAIL OF MAMFACTUUE 379 the tapping test showed carbon .26 per cent by fracture. During the meltingsmall quantities of fluor spar were added at intervals to make the slag morefluid and assist in the melting. The additions of fluor spar started at amounted to about 1300 pounds total. At a furnace s
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