. Textile raw materials and their conversion into yarns : (the study of the raw materials and the technology of the spinning process) a text-book for textile, trade and higher technical schools, as also for self-instruction ; based upon the ordinary syllabus and curriculum of the Imperial and Royal Austrian weaving schools. the wool. Thecarriage draft (gain) is four to five at the maximum, andtherefore much less than in the case of the cotton mule. 2. The carriage runs out away from the delivery rollers,but not at a uniform rate, the speed being faster during thefirst half of the traverse and
. Textile raw materials and their conversion into yarns : (the study of the raw materials and the technology of the spinning process) a text-book for textile, trade and higher technical schools, as also for self-instruction ; based upon the ordinary syllabus and curriculum of the Imperial and Royal Austrian weaving schools. the wool. Thecarriage draft (gain) is four to five at the maximum, andtherefore much less than in the case of the cotton mule. 2. The carriage runs out away from the delivery rollers,but not at a uniform rate, the speed being faster during thefirst half of the traverse and then reduced ; and attenuatesthe sliver to the necessary degree of fineness. The initialspeed of the carriage is only slightly higher than the peripheralvelocity of the delivery roller, in order to prevent the sliverfrom hanging slack. When the carriage arrives at the end ofits traverse (5A or 8 ft., as the case may be) it stops. 3. Tlic spindles revolve and impart twist to the taut sliver,their speed being lowest (about 1,000 to 2,500 revolutions perminute) during the time the delivery roller is at work, andafterwards increasing to the middle speed of to 3,500revolutions, which is again accelerated to 3,500 to 4,500revolutions (final speed) just before the carriage stops. TEXTILE RAW MATERIALS. 377 I. Figs. 241 to 244.—The Four Stages of Spinning on the Mule Frame(vertical section). 378 TEXTILE RAW MATERIALS. The rates of speed and the moment of transition fromone to the other depend on the count of yarn, the lengthof traverse, the material, and the use for which the yarn isdesigned. 4. TJic faller unre remains in its normal position above thethreads. 5. Tlie countcy faller also remains in its normal positionunder the threads. Second Stage.—The Siippleiueiitary Twist. 1. The delivery rollers are at rest. 2. The carriage is stationary, except in the case of veryhard-twisted yarns, when it runs back a short distance toallow for the shortening effect produced o
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1900, booksubjecttextile, bookyear1901
