. Bird-lore . hroughout most of the forests 5f this country, some form ofRange the Chickadee may be found at some or all seasons of the year; but the subject of this sketch inhabits mainly the Canadianand Transition zones of eastern North America, and, in the United States,is confined chiefly to the North, breeding south to Missouri, Illinois, Indiana,Ohio, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and along the Appalachian Mountain chainto North Carolina, wandering somewhat farther south in winter. In most of the northern United States, the Chickadee is the prevailingwoodland bird, particularly in winter. A
. Bird-lore . hroughout most of the forests 5f this country, some form ofRange the Chickadee may be found at some or all seasons of the year; but the subject of this sketch inhabits mainly the Canadianand Transition zones of eastern North America, and, in the United States,is confined chiefly to the North, breeding south to Missouri, Illinois, Indiana,Ohio, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and along the Appalachian Mountain chainto North Carolina, wandering somewhat farther south in winter. In most of the northern United States, the Chickadee is the prevailingwoodland bird, particularly in winter. A hole in a decayed birch stump, two or three feet from the ground, a knot-hole in an old apple tree, in a fence-post, or in an elm, forty or fifty feet from the ground, the deserted home of some Woodpecker, a Nest small milk-can nailed up in a tree, or a nesting-box at some farmhouse window, may be selected by the Chickadee for its home. Commonly it digs out a nest-hole in the decaying stump of a birch or (372). CHICKADEE Order—Passeres Family—Parid^b Geniis—Penthestes Species—Atricapillus National Association of Audubon Societies Educational Leaflet No. 61 The Chickadee 373 pine. It is unable to penetrate sound wood, as I have seen it repeatedly tryto enlarge a small hole in a white pine nesting-box, but it could not start achip. Often the Chickadee gains an entrance through the hard outer coating ofa post or stump into the decaying interior by choosing, as a vantage point, ahole made by some Woodpecker in search of a grub. The Chickadee worksindustriously to deepen and enlarge this cavity, sometimes making a holenine or more inches deep; and the little bird is wise enough to carry the tell-tale chips away and scatter them far and wide—something the Woodpeckersare less careful about. Sometimes the hole is excavated in the broken top of a leaning stumpor tree, and once I found one in the top of an erect white pine stump with noshelter from the storm. I have found Chick
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