. Construction materials for coastal structures. Coastal engineering; Building materials. I . I 1 . I 111 iM in u>t*ri"i i i»i ( Figure 26. Articulated armor unit revetment (photo courtesy of Marine Modules Inc.). flexibility is required, timber wales have been used. Permeable-type concrete groins have been built in the past that permitted the passage of sand through the structure but are not used at present. In low wave climates grout-filled bags are also used as an installation convenience; the bags, usually plastic, deteriorate leaving the small concrete shapes as protection of
. Construction materials for coastal structures. Coastal engineering; Building materials. I . I 1 . I 111 iM in u>t*ri"i i i»i ( Figure 26. Articulated armor unit revetment (photo courtesy of Marine Modules Inc.). flexibility is required, timber wales have been used. Permeable-type concrete groins have been built in the past that permitted the passage of sand through the structure but are not used at present. In low wave climates grout-filled bags are also used as an installation convenience; the bags, usually plastic, deteriorate leaving the small concrete shapes as protection of the groins. d. Jetties and Breakwaters. In exposed locations, jetties and break- waters are generally some variation of a rubble-mound structure containing concrete either as a binding material to hold rock together or as separate elements of breakwaters having a heavy weight as well as energy absorption characteristics. Some types of jetties are illustrated in Figures 28 and 29. In less severe exposures, both cellular steel and concrete caissons have been used. In low wave climates grout filled bags are used. Where rock armor units in adequate quantities or size are not econom- ically available, concrete armor units are used. Also, concrete sheet piles are sometimes used as core for jetties. Figure 30 illustrates the use of Quadripod armor units on the rubble-mound jetty at Santa Cruz, California. Figure 29 illustrates the use of the more recently developed dolos armor unit where 374- and 383-kilonewton (42 and 43 ton) dolosse were 51. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Moffatt & Nichol, Engineers; Coastal Engineering Research Center (U. S. ). Fort Belvoir, Va. : The Center
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