. The Eastern Bering Sea Shelf : oceanography and resources / edited by Donald W. Hood and John A. Calder . Figure 17-6. Summary of ice gouging: density, siiorefast ice limits, and ice movements in nortiieastern Bering Sea. seem to be modern ephemeral phenomena that recur annually. West of Port Clarence and in the nearshore area of Nome, ice gouges cut through ripple and sand-wave fields that are in dynamic equilibrium with present wave or current motion (Nelson et al. 1978, Hunter and Thor 1979) (Figs. 17-4A and B). Here the juxtaposition of old gouges, highly modified by ripples or sand wave
. The Eastern Bering Sea Shelf : oceanography and resources / edited by Donald W. Hood and John A. Calder . Figure 17-6. Summary of ice gouging: density, siiorefast ice limits, and ice movements in nortiieastern Bering Sea. seem to be modern ephemeral phenomena that recur annually. West of Port Clarence and in the nearshore area of Nome, ice gouges cut through ripple and sand-wave fields that are in dynamic equilibrium with present wave or current motion (Nelson et al. 1978, Hunter and Thor 1979) (Figs. 17-4A and B). Here the juxtaposition of old gouges, highly modified by ripples or sand waves, with new gouges suggests that gouges are being formed each winter. A number of geologic processes act to destroy gouges rapidly once they have formed. The initial smoothing of ice gouges can be enhanced by: (1) the saturated, silty substrate that tends to seek a mini- mum relief equilibrium with sides of the gouge flowing or slumping toward the center of the gouge. and (2) the constant oscillatory pounding of wave motion on the sea floor that causes shear failure in the soft sediment (Henkel 1970), making gouge sides collapse toward the center. The dish-shaped profiles of most gouges (Figs. 17-4E and 4G) indicate that these processes normally occur. Repeated surveys of ice gouges in water less than 20 m deep in the Beaufort Sea have shown that gouges are frequently smoothed over completely in one season (Barnes and Reimnitz 1979). In the Bering Sea, the ice-free season is three to four months longer than in the Beaufort Sea, allowing more time for the considerably stronger open-water wave and current regimes of the Bering Sea to destroy gouges. In Norton Sound, storm waves and currents caused
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