. The Canadian field-naturalist. Natural history; Sciences naturelles. 2005 Quinn: White-Tailed Deer, Moose, and Beaver in Algonquin Park 331 Hun:. Petawawa Hardwood-Pine Division Beaver Survey Flight-lines Wilderness Zone Historic Deer Yards Major Water Areas Algonquin Park Boundary Figure 1. Algonquin Park, showing the location of wilderness zones, historic deer yards, principal Beaver survey transects, and the east-west division of forest types. Moose in late winter. A survey is flown by helicopter on one day from 20-25 March in an approximately 2000-km2 zone in the south-center of the Park
. The Canadian field-naturalist. Natural history; Sciences naturelles. 2005 Quinn: White-Tailed Deer, Moose, and Beaver in Algonquin Park 331 Hun:. Petawawa Hardwood-Pine Division Beaver Survey Flight-lines Wilderness Zone Historic Deer Yards Major Water Areas Algonquin Park Boundary Figure 1. Algonquin Park, showing the location of wilderness zones, historic deer yards, principal Beaver survey transects, and the east-west division of forest types. Moose in late winter. A survey is flown by helicopter on one day from 20-25 March in an approximately 2000-km2 zone in the south-center of the Park to place at least 40 Moose in the five categories of hair loss proposed by Samuel and Barker. A simple arithmetic index, the Hair Loss Severity Index (H. S. I.), is then calculated by multiplying the number of Moose in each category by its severity rank (1-5), summing this, and dividing by the total Moose observed. The H. S. I. is used to predict the extent of mortality the follow- ing spring. Deer are much more difficult to census than Moose and have generally been surveyed by counting drop- pings or "pellet groups", a technique that was first em- ployed in the U. S. in about 1940 (Bennet et al. 1940) and came into use in Ontario shortly afterwards. The technique was first applied in Algonquin Park in the mid-1950s and a protocol was developed that was used throughout south-central Ontario into the mid- 1970s (Anonymous 1980*). These pellet group sur- veys provide the best reference to deer populations in the Park. As will be shown, the Park's deer popula- tion declined drastically in the early 1970s and the technique, which is difficult in even ideal conditions and unreliable at low deer densities, was abandoned. Since the early 1970s deer surveys in the Park have consisted of late-winter aerial surveys of historic deer wintering areas ("yards"). Eight deer yards, some greater than 10 000 ha, were located across the Park (Figure 1) and supported high dens
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