. Current Herpetology. Current Herpetol. 20(2) 2001. Fig. 3. Liwnonectes cf. keralensis female from Talagini (A), Philaiitiis cf. travancoriciis male from Kudremukh (B), and P. cf. bombayensis male from Kudremukh (C). â '4 M'Mill 0 1 .0 0. 5 TIME (SEC) Fig. 4. An advertisement call of Limnonectes cf. keralensis recorded in Kudremukh at 22°C. The first note ( sec in duration) was longer than the rest and showed a clear harmonic spectral structure with a mean fundamental frequency of kHz. The second harmonic band was domi- nant and this band corresponded to the dominant band of the res
. Current Herpetology. Current Herpetol. 20(2) 2001. Fig. 3. Liwnonectes cf. keralensis female from Talagini (A), Philaiitiis cf. travancoriciis male from Kudremukh (B), and P. cf. bombayensis male from Kudremukh (C). â '4 M'Mill 0 1 .0 0. 5 TIME (SEC) Fig. 4. An advertisement call of Limnonectes cf. keralensis recorded in Kudremukh at 22°C. The first note ( sec in duration) was longer than the rest and showed a clear harmonic spectral structure with a mean fundamental frequency of kHz. The second harmonic band was domi- nant and this band corresponded to the dominant band of the rest of the notes (± kHz). In some calls, frequency modulation in the first note (shown in Fig. 4) was not so obvious. Males were calling on the banks of ditches. When two males were calling side by side they emitted advertisement calls alternately as in L. limnocharis. A female collected on 3 July 1999 had mature ova in the ovary; the ova were pigmented and small like those of L. limnocharis. 4. Limnonectes syhadrensis The advertisement calls of this small species were recorded in Kadri, Padil, and Bhatkal. The calls from Kadri and Bhatkal consisted of a series of notes with a dominant frequency at about kHz (Fig. 5A). The notes at the pos- terior portion of a call tended to be divided into several pulse groups. The number of notes and the note repetition rate were significantly greater in Bhatkal than in Kadri (Table 2). This may reflect a difference in breeding urge of the call- ing males. The structure of calls recorded in Padil differed remarkably (Fig. 5B). The call consisted of a series of long notes (about sec in duration) with fine spectral bands. Although we could not record the calls showing the transi- tion from the multi-note call to the long- note call, it is probable that the finely pulsed notes at the posterior part of the former become fused or elongated to produce the latter. Males were calling on the ground or among pebbles near the water e
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