. The California fruits and how to grow them. erted umbrella, does not give astrong tree. The leaders crowd each other at the point ofemergence from the stem, and, when laden with fruit, sway out-ward and break off at this point. A vastly stronger tree is se-cured by starting but three or four. •■) branches from the low trunk and letting■/ them emerge from different sides ofthe stem, and at different levels. Thuseach main attachment to the stem hasabundant room, and the wood enlargessymmetrically and solidly. The expan-sion of the top is attained by the branch-ing which follows the cutting bac
. The California fruits and how to grow them. erted umbrella, does not give astrong tree. The leaders crowd each other at the point ofemergence from the stem, and, when laden with fruit, sway out-ward and break off at this point. A vastly stronger tree is se-cured by starting but three or four. •■) branches from the low trunk and letting■/ them emerge from different sides ofthe stem, and at different levels. Thuseach main attachment to the stem hasabundant room, and the wood enlargessymmetrically and solidly. The expan-sion of the top is attained by the branch-ing which follows the cutting back ofsucceeding years. Starting too manyleaders from nearly the same level onthe stem has been the occasion of greatlosses of overladen trees, and quite aconsiderable recourse to strengtheningup weak trees by running bolts throughfrom side to side at the points where ex-perience shows breakage is likely to can be obviated in most cases bybetter pruning, which tends to distribute the strain more evenlyover the stem. ^ >^i;f. Use of Bolt to PreventBreakage (Lelong). Cutting Back and First Pruning. 155 HOV; TO SECURE THE PREVAILING FORM. For the benefit of the inexperienced reader, it will be wellto illustrate the steps by which the form of tree found so gen-erally desirable is to be attained. Cutting Back at Planting.—First cut back the treejust after planting, as shown in the engraving, deciding first atwhat height you wish your trees to form heads, and cut themall back as uniformly as possible, always observing that there isa bud just below the point of cutting. To preserve these budsthe trees should be handled carefully while removing from thenursery and during planting. If the tree has already grown laterals where the head is de-sired, three or four of these properly placed on the stem may beselected to form the main branches, shortened in to the soundbud nearest the stem, and other laterals, not desired to form thehead, removed. If the laterals on the yo
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1880, booksubjectfruitculture, bookyea
