. An encyclopaedia of architecture, historical, theoretical, & practical. New ed., rev., portions rewritten, and with additions by Wyatt Papworth. by the Rev. J. L. Petit, in his work, •^ •, ~^-----. / **• Architectural Studies . * tn France, 8vo. 1854, page 141. Of course Viollet le Dues Dictionnaire has now become a well of informationon this as on many other details. Some few examples are given at the end of the ensuingchapter of this Book. Venetian details have been carefully elucidated by J. lluskin, inStones of Venice, Vol. Ill , 1853, wherein pp. 221-249 are devoted to the examination i
. An encyclopaedia of architecture, historical, theoretical, & practical. New ed., rev., portions rewritten, and with additions by Wyatt Papworth. by the Rev. J. L. Petit, in his work, •^ •, ~^-----. / **• Architectural Studies . * tn France, 8vo. 1854, page 141. Of course Viollet le Dues Dictionnaire has now become a well of informationon this as on many other details. Some few examples are given at the end of the ensuingchapter of this Book. Venetian details have been carefully elucidated by J. lluskin, inStones of Venice, Vol. Ill , 1853, wherein pp. 221-249 are devoted to the examination insuccession of the bnses. doorways and jambs, capitals, archivolts, cornices, and tracerybars, of Venetian arciiitecture. We do not, iiowever, perceive tiiat any scale or dinieiisloais given to the examples illustrated, the absence of which materially lessens the useful-ness of the examples. German details may be sought in IMoliers work before quoted ;in King, Study Book of Medicecal Architecture and Art, 1860; in Statz. Ungewitter, andKiechensperger, Co/ZiiC Model Book, 1859 ; and in HoHstadt, Gothisches ADC buck, 1840. D^------ V^._. Sect. IV. PIERS AND COLUMNS. The general plans of the piers supporting the principal arches are either simple or com-pound : simple, when composed o[onei)lain member; and comjjound, when coiisisiing ofa core surrounded by smaller shafts, detached or engaged. Piers of the earliest periodfor carrying walls were .square, as at the cathedral at Worms. Jhese were relieved i)yengaged shafts, as in fig. 1074. In the 12th century the shaft begins to take theform on its plan of a Greek cross (^fig. 1075.), with engaged colunuis ia its angles aswell as on its principal faces. For the benefit of those making surveys of l)uildings, we think it useful to sulyointhe following recommendation from the llemaiksof Professor Willis:— in making 976 PRACTICE OF ARCHITECTURE. III. aicliitcctural notes, tlie plan of a pier should always1)C accoinpaniid with ind
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