. Electronic apparatus for biological research. Electronic apparatus and appliances; Biology -- Research. IMPLANTED ELECTRODES mechanically strong enough, and of suitable shape, to be pushed through overlying tissues; (b) they should be extremely well insulated except at the sip and designed so that they can be held in the clamp of some form of mechanical stereotaxic instrument in order that they can be placed accurately in position in the depths of the tissue. Platinum or silver wire insulated with glass capillary tubing and shellac or synthetic resin are commonly used for stimulating electro
. Electronic apparatus for biological research. Electronic apparatus and appliances; Biology -- Research. IMPLANTED ELECTRODES mechanically strong enough, and of suitable shape, to be pushed through overlying tissues; (b) they should be extremely well insulated except at the sip and designed so that they can be held in the clamp of some form of mechanical stereotaxic instrument in order that they can be placed accurately in position in the depths of the tissue. Platinum or silver wire insulated with glass capillary tubing and shellac or synthetic resin are commonly used for stimulating electrodes (Harris^), the glass providing both the insulation and the rigidity. This type of electrode will penetrate brain tissue readily but is easily damaged by contact with bone. To avoid damage to the electrode which may occur if it encounters an unexpected resistance the wire should be mounted on a sprung platform which can be watched during insertion (Figure ). Unusual stress on Sealing wax. Carrier of stereotaxic instrument Sealing wax Spring ^y^-lead Insulation ^^^Electrode tip Figure Sprung electrode base the electrode will bend the spring before the electrode breaks and this is particularly useful if the tip of the electrode is situated near the skull floor. When electrodes have to be implanted and left in situ for long periods, for example during investigations of the effect of stimuli on conscious animals, the reaction of the tissues to the presence of the electrode must be considered. Any strong tissue reaction will cause the electrode to become surrounded by inflammatory cells which will alter markedly the relationship of the electrode to the normal tissues. Chronically implanted electrodes should be as far as possible both chemically and mechanically inert. Platinum and gold satisfy these requirements but gold is too soft for general purposes. Most chronically imbedded electrodes are made of platinum or platinum-iridium alloy, although stainless steel, tungste
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