. The biology of the frog. Frogs. AMPHIBIA IN GENERAL 15 come pushed upon the back of the female, to which they adhere. The skin then grows up around the eggs; inclosing them in separate cavities which become entirely covered over. The tadpole stage is passed within these cavities. When the young Pipa is quite fully formed, it breaks out and makes its escape. The Discoglossidae are not represented by any American species. One of the most noteworthy of the European species of this family is the so-called obstetrical toad, Alytes obstetricans. In the breeding season the male clasps the female in
. The biology of the frog. Frogs. AMPHIBIA IN GENERAL 15 come pushed upon the back of the female, to which they adhere. The skin then grows up around the eggs; inclosing them in separate cavities which become entirely covered over. The tadpole stage is passed within these cavities. When the young Pipa is quite fully formed, it breaks out and makes its escape. The Discoglossidae are not represented by any American species. One of the most noteworthy of the European species of this family is the so-called obstetrical toad, Alytes obstetricans. In the breeding season the male clasps the female in the usual way, and when the egg strings are extruded, he tan- gles them around his hind legs and carries them about with him. When the young larvae are about ready to escape, the male takes to the water and frees himself of the mass. The Pelobatidae include but one American genus, Scaphiopus. These forms are commonly known as the spade-foot frogs, on account of the peculiar horny appendage which oc- curs on the inner side of the hind foot. This structure is employed in digging in the ground, where the animal is concealed during the day. Scaphiopus hot- brooki, which is found in the southern and eastern parts of the United States, is very capricious in making its ap- pearance. After rains in the spring or summer the spade- ioot frogs come out in great numbers and lay their eggs, making a great clamor with their song. Then they dis- appear, and may not again show themselves for several 1 See Abbott, Am. Nat., Vol. 16, and Hargitt, Am. Nat., Vol. Fig. 9—The obstet- rical frog, Alytes ob- stetricans; male, with string of eggs. (From Sedgwick's Zoology, after Claus.). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Holmes, Samuel J. (Samuel Jackson), 1868-. New York : The Macmillan company
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