. Kirkes' handbook of physiology . Ganglion. Fig. 418.—Schematic Representation of the Relation of the Constituents of the SympatheticChain and the Spinal Nerve. (Modified from Hardesty, in Morris Anatomy.) are for the most part microscopic, also freely communicate with other partsof the system, as well as with the cerebro-spinal axis. The connections between these parts are as follows: 1, The visceralbranch or white ramus, of certain spinal nerves, which passes into the lateralchain. 2, The gray rami consist of bundles of fibers, usually non-medullated,which pass from the chain ganglia back i
. Kirkes' handbook of physiology . Ganglion. Fig. 418.—Schematic Representation of the Relation of the Constituents of the SympatheticChain and the Spinal Nerve. (Modified from Hardesty, in Morris Anatomy.) are for the most part microscopic, also freely communicate with other partsof the system, as well as with the cerebro-spinal axis. The connections between these parts are as follows: 1, The visceralbranch or white ramus, of certain spinal nerves, which passes into the lateralchain. 2, The gray rami consist of bundles of fibers, usually non-medullated,which pass from the chain ganglia back into the spinal or cranial nerves, the ORGANIZATION AM) DISTRIBUTION m fibers of which they accompany to the periphery. 3, From this chain therami efferentes pass into the collateral ganglia, and from these again otherbranches pass off into the organs, to end in the terminal ganglia. The white rami are absent in all the spinal nerves in the regions abovethe second (occasionally the first) thoracic nerve root, and below the second. Fig. 419.—Scheme of the Constitution and Connections of Gangliated Cord of the gangliated cord is indicated on the right, with the arrangement of the fibers arising fromganglion cells. On the left, the roots and trunks of the spinal nerves are shown, with the arrange-ment of the white ramus communicans above and the gray ramus below. The cells of origin inthe ventral cord of the fibers constituting the white ramus are not shown. (Cunningham.) lumbar nerve root, with the occasional exception of the roots of the third andfourth lumbar nerves. This is a rather restricted field of origin for the pregan-glionic libers which compose the white rami. These fibers end in adjacentganglia of the chain, or pass to higher or lower levels or to more peripheralganglia. A peculiarity in the structure of these white medullated visceral nerves is the38 594 THE NERVOUS SYSTEM fineness of their fibers. They are a third or a fourth of the diameter of or
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