Medieval and modern times : an introduction to the history of western Europe form the dissolution of the Roman empire to the present time . ort). It was destroyed hy the Swedes during the ThirtyYears War (see section 68 below), but even what now rernains is impos-ing, especially the arcade represented in the picture in trying to keep hold of northern Italy, which he believed tobelong to his empire, he spent a great deal of time with butslight results. One of the greatest differences between the early Middle Ages importanceand Fredericks time was the development of town life. Up to in^humanthis


Medieval and modern times : an introduction to the history of western Europe form the dissolution of the Roman empire to the present time . ort). It was destroyed hy the Swedes during the ThirtyYears War (see section 68 below), but even what now rernains is impos-ing, especially the arcade represented in the picture in trying to keep hold of northern Italy, which he believed tobelong to his empire, he spent a great deal of time with butslight results. One of the greatest differences between the early Middle Ages importanceand Fredericks time was the development of town life. Up to in^humanthis period we have heard only of popes, emperors, kings, bishops, prog^^^and feudal lords. From now on we shall have to take the townsand their citizens into account. No nation makes much progress i6o. Medieval and Modem Times without towns; for only when people get together in considerablenumbers do they begin to build fine buildings, establish univer-sities and libraries, make inventions and carry on trade, whichbrings them into contact with other people in their own countryand in foreign lands. (See below. Chapter XI, for town life.). Italian Towns in the Twelfth Century Lombardtowns The towns had never decayed altogether in Italy, and by thetime of Frederick Barbarossa they had begun to flourish oncemore, especially in Lombardy. Each of such towns as Milan,Verona, and Cremona were practically independent states. Theirgovernment was in the hands of the richer citizens, and thepoorer people were not given any voice in city affairs. Compared


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Keywords: ., bookauthorrobinson, bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, bookyear1919