. Science of railways . e exhauststeam, while the exhaust steam, passing through the by-pass,insulates the dead air chamber from the atmosphere, which issomewhat further shut off by the usual cylinder casing. The coveralso serves as a Pressure Plate for the Main Valve. The admission of steam to the cylinders and the cut-off is con-trolled by the main steam valve. Steam is admitted along theentire lower edge and up one side, providing an unusually largeport area for admission. Exhaust also is controlled by the mainsteam valve, but to this is added the exhaust of the compressioncontrolling valve
. Science of railways . e exhauststeam, while the exhaust steam, passing through the by-pass,insulates the dead air chamber from the atmosphere, which issomewhat further shut off by the usual cylinder casing. The coveralso serves as a Pressure Plate for the Main Valve. The admission of steam to the cylinders and the cut-off is con-trolled by the main steam valve. Steam is admitted along theentire lower edge and up one side, providing an unusually largeport area for admission. Exhaust also is controlled by the mainsteam valve, but to this is added the exhaust of the compressioncontrolling valve, which releases simultaneously with the mainvalve. Closure or compression is controlled entirely by the compressioncontrolling valve, which delays the final closure of the exhaust un-til the piston has completed 90 per cent of its stroke at the shorfcut-offs, thereby reducing the volume of the exhaust steam in com-pression from about 10 inches in the usual practice to 2% inchesin this system. LOCOMOTIVE APPLIANCES. 153. SETTING LOCOMOTIVE VALVES. The following concise explanation of valve set-ting is given by an authority on the subject* : Setting the valves of a locomotive is nothingmore or less than setting the valves of four or-dinary slide-valve stationary engines, two to runin one direction and two to run in another or op-posite direction. There is, however, an obstacleto easy and quick setting in the locomotive notusually found in a stationary engine—namely, thelink. There are four stages in the operation of aslide-valve and piston while making one stroke,.viz.: Admission of steam to cylinder. Cut-off of steam from cylinder. Release of steam from cylinder. Compression of steam in the cylinder by reasonof the exhaust closing before the piston reachesthe end of the stroke. Cutting off short means exhausting too early,and there is a limit to the point of cut-off whereeconomy is an object. Shifting Link.—With a shifting link the lead ofthe valve increases as the reverse
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