. The encyclopedia of practical horticulture; a reference system of commercial horticulture, covering the practical and scientific phases of horticulture, with special reference to fruits and vegetables;. Gardening; Fruit-culture; Vegetable gardening. APPLE DISEASES 497. Fig. 1. Winter Injni-y to Young Apple Tree. formed. There is great danger of sep- aration of the bark layer from the wood at that time as at others. The sun ex- posed side seems to suffer worse by rea- son of the more extreme temperature changes which were incited on these ex- posures. It is evident that warm periods in winter
. The encyclopedia of practical horticulture; a reference system of commercial horticulture, covering the practical and scientific phases of horticulture, with special reference to fruits and vegetables;. Gardening; Fruit-culture; Vegetable gardening. APPLE DISEASES 497. Fig. 1. Winter Injni-y to Young Apple Tree. formed. There is great danger of sep- aration of the bark layer from the wood at that time as at others. The sun ex- posed side seems to suffer worse by rea- son of the more extreme temperature changes which were incited on these ex- posures. It is evident that warm periods in winter are a source of danger when followed by low temperatures. Upon very large trunks near the base, as on Grimes and some others, this may be the real explanation of frequent sun scald or basal injuries. Wherever such an injury begins there is risk of the in- trusion of wound fungi with all the con- sequences which follow their entrance. The handling of winter injuries must, so far as prevention goes, precede the condi- tions which cause it. Where possible the prevention of excessive late growth is de- sirable. In cases of orchard trees it may be that mulches of coarse litter, espe- cially, will prove serviceable. It may be added that this injury to woody growths is a less developed phase of the killing back of herbaceous plants by the prema- ture frosts. Another phase still is the killing back of branches at the tips of woody growth which are not strictly hardy in our cli- mate. In the case of our Japanese plum and of some ornamental shrubs, this is a frequent phenomenon and its cause is to be sought in the same factors above de- scribed. Growth being protracted late in the season, these water-gorged terminal twigs are killed by the subsequent winter freezing whenever this is severe. See Sun Scald. A. D. Selby Winter Injury and Cankers Ben Davis and Gano apple trees died in such large numbers throughout Iowa during 1912 season that the Iowa Agri- cultural Experiment Station Horti
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