Printing and writing materials : their evolution . his machine is used in theUnited States for the manufacture of hangingpapers, wrapping papers, and straw and bindersboards. To receive a finish, all papers i^ass through astack of calenders, which consists of a series ofpolished iron rollers, mounted one above the which goes but once through the calenders isgiven the name of machine-finish. Loft-driedpaper is calendered in single sheets ; machine-dried in the roll. To supercalender paper, it is passed between aseries of rollers called supercalenders; some ofthese are made of chille
Printing and writing materials : their evolution . his machine is used in theUnited States for the manufacture of hangingpapers, wrapping papers, and straw and bindersboards. To receive a finish, all papers i^ass through astack of calenders, which consists of a series ofpolished iron rollers, mounted one above the which goes but once through the calenders isgiven the name of machine-finish. Loft-driedpaper is calendered in single sheets ; machine-dried in the roll. To supercalender paper, it is passed between aseries of rollers called supercalenders; some ofthese are made of chilled iron, others of sheets ofpaper or of compressed disks of cotton. Sizing is given to paper for the purpose of re-moving its porous and absorbent character, so thatwhen written upon the ink will not spread. Vege-table sizing is put into the engines; animal sizingis given on the machine, by passing the webthrough a trough containing a solution of gelatine. To fill up the pores or interstices, paper isloaded with some other substance. This not only. STACK OK OJ-INCU SIPKKCA I >KKS—FltONT VIKW. PAPER 155 gives the paper a finer surface but also makesit heavier. Kaolin or china clay is the load-ing material for ordinary paper; for the finergrades, sulphate of lime or pearl hardening is clay is made into a thin cream and isput into the pulp while the latter is in When paper first comes from the machine, lit- Surface-coat- tle ridges or hollows are found on its surface, re- i°&-sembling those on the rind of an orange. Tomake the paper smoother, it is surface-coatedwith some white substance, and the most delicatehalf-tones can then be printed upon it. In sur-faced papers the mixture is applied by brushes,and the paper is calendered by steel rollers to thedegree of finish desired. The oftener the paperpasses through the rollers, the higher will be thefinish. Some papers are brushed to a finish in-stead of being put through the rollers. It is not
Size: 1480px × 1687px
Photo credit: © The Reading Room / Alamy / Afripics
License: Licensed
Model Released: No
Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1900, booksubjectbookbinding, bookyear
