. Diseases of the throat and nasal passages; a guide to the diagnosis and treatment of affections of the pharynx, sophagus, trachea, larynx, and nares . aliva -nt. vary greatly within normal limits. Direct Inspection of the Nasal Passages ; Anterior Rhi-noscopy —A thorough examination of the nasal pa-sa^s an-teriorly is indicated in all diseas-s implicating the cavity of thenose It will often suffice to throw the patients head back soas t _ the | ssages as much as possible, in a horizontalplane, and let a good, strong light impinge upon them. Re-1 daylight or reflected artificial light is ofte
. Diseases of the throat and nasal passages; a guide to the diagnosis and treatment of affections of the pharynx, sophagus, trachea, larynx, and nares . aliva -nt. vary greatly within normal limits. Direct Inspection of the Nasal Passages ; Anterior Rhi-noscopy —A thorough examination of the nasal pa-sa^s an-teriorly is indicated in all diseas-s implicating the cavity of thenose It will often suffice to throw the patients head back soas t _ the | ssages as much as possible, in a horizontalplane, and let a good, strong light impinge upon them. Re-1 daylight or reflected artificial light is often much betterthan direct sunlight or direct artificial light, as the illumination• •an be directed along the various surfaces in - ssi n byslight mov^m^nts of the retieetor. The nostril may be pulledby means of a hook, bent probe, bent hair-pin or some 14 EXAMINATION OF THE THKOAT AND NASAL PASSAGES. other small instrument (Fig. 5). A bright metallic tubularspeculum, conical or funnel-shaped (Kramers aural speculum),as large as can be introduced into the lower nasal meatus, orthe middle one, as the case may be. is useful to direct the light. Fig. of natal passage anteriorly with hair-pin retractor. (From a drawing by Dr. Praeger.) in turn on the walls of the passages, little by little. Duplay sbivalve speculum (Fig. 6) is preferred by many. It is pushed as far back as the positions of thenasal bones, so as to dilate the carti-laginous portions of the passage byturning a set-screw. Dr. Zaufal, of Prague, has recent-ly extolled a lengthened speculum,with which he claims to be able toinspect the nasal passages more thor-oughly than with any other appli-ance. He likewise employs a bivalvedmetallic speculum, two inches in length from the expandedextremity, the two halves being bodily separable by a veryingenious set-screw contrivance. I have no experience witheither of these instruments. In all specula which pass into the osseous portions of thenasal cavity it i
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Keywords: ., bo, bookcentury1800, bookdecade1870, booksubjectnose, bookyear1879
