Archive image from page 44 of Current herpetology (2000). Current herpetology currentherpeto2012001niho Year: 2000 ( MORI & TANAKA—BEHAVIOR OF SNAKES 43 Methods To elicit antipredator responses of the snakes, we used standardized methods developed for assessing levels of antipredator reactions of snakes (for non-tactile stimulus, Herzog and Burghardt [1986] and Herzog et al. [1989]; for tactile stimulus, Mori et al. [1996] and Mori and Burghardt [2000]). A snake was gently removed from its home cage and introduced into an arena (44x29x30 cm) at an ambient tem- perature of 24-25°C. After leavi
Archive image from page 44 of Current herpetology (2000). Current herpetology currentherpeto2012001niho Year: 2000 ( MORI & TANAKA—BEHAVIOR OF SNAKES 43 Methods To elicit antipredator responses of the snakes, we used standardized methods developed for assessing levels of antipredator reactions of snakes (for non-tactile stimulus, Herzog and Burghardt [1986] and Herzog et al. [1989]; for tactile stimulus, Mori et al. [1996] and Mori and Burghardt [2000]). A snake was gently removed from its home cage and introduced into an arena (44x29x30 cm) at an ambient tem- perature of 24-25°C. After leaving the snake undisturbed for five minutes, the experimenter slowly brought a forefinger to within 1 to 2 cm of the snake's snout and held it stationary for 60 sec. This is referred to as a nonmoving stimulus session. If the snake crawled away during the test, the experimenter followed it, keeping the extended finger in front of the snake. Then the snake was left undisturbed for 60 sec. The moving stimulus session began when the experimenter again extended the fore- finger to within 1 to 2 cm of the snake's snout. This time he moved the finger back and forth at the rate of approximately three to four oscilla- tions per second throughout the 60 sec period. As with the nonmoving stimulus session, the experimenter kept the finger in front of the snake. The snake was then given another 60 sec undisturbed period. Following this period, the tactile stimulus session, which lasted 60 sec, began. During this session the snake's body (excluding head and tail) was gently pinned every three sec for a total of 20 times, with a long metal snake hook. On the tip of the hook, a 50x15 mm polyproplylene plate was attached so that the snake was pinned down by the plate. In the first two sessions, we recorded the occurrences of 'strike', 'bite', and 'flighf, which are the main behavioral variables previ- ously used in comparable studies. When the 'strike' occurred, its frequency was recorded as
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