. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. containing water to be 86. Ihe water chambers are sim- ply open spaces convenientlyenclosed between thin metalplates, partitions, pipes, &c,which together form chan-nels in which a cold liquid orvapor is made to circulate incontact with the plates ofthe water chambers, and tofreeze through them. Theannexed drawing, Fig. explains Twin-ings The cylindera a a is a pump which ex-hausts, or draws in throughits valves and pipe on theside e e e, and compressesor forces out on th
. Machinery and processes of the industrial arts, and apparatus of the exact sciences. containing water to be 86. Ihe water chambers are sim- ply open spaces convenientlyenclosed between thin metalplates, partitions, pipes, &c,which together form chan-nels in which a cold liquid orvapor is made to circulate incontact with the plates ofthe water chambers, and tofreeze through them. Theannexed drawing, Fig. explains Twin-ings The cylindera a a is a pump which ex-hausts, or draws in throughits valves and pipe on theside e e e, and compressesor forces out on the side g former may communi-cate as at e1 with the air-tightexhaust vessel, or cistern. (7 dd. the latter being a box soconstructed with thin metalplates and partitions (orequivalent pipes) enclosedin it and united to it, alter.** nately on one side and itsopposite, and also at top andbottom, as to form th? re-en-tering spaces or water cham-bers m m m. These alsocreate an open winding , through the box andbetween the plates, such thatcistern through the pipe p ]).. Twinings Apparatus for Refrigeration. cold fluid drawn or forced into the 1 As a single drawing is made to illustrate several different modes of operation, superfluousconnections were necessary. Parts not in action must be left out of view in following themodes respectively. TWININGS AMERICAN ICE APPARATUS. 397 must pass around between and under the water chambers, from end toend, and pass out by the pipe e e. Water vessels, m m m, nearly fittingthese chambers, may be set into them, and the contact of the two madecomplete by an uncongealable liquid (salt water for example) fillingbetween the water vessel and the sides of the water chamber. Theseare the only parts necessary to the first and simplest operation for freez-ing, which is as follows: A volatile liquid, as ether, snlphuret of carbon, orother, fills in part the channel o o o, but leaving room above the liquidfor its vapor to pass over through o o
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