. Biophysics: concepts and mechanisms. Biophysics. 276 BIOPHYSICAL STUDIES ON NERVE AND MUSCLE vesicles containing ACh e impulse "3 i mpulse*!. /ACE /\l8l © C i-K e impulse #2 crossing the junction |^?^-^?r^^ No* I fl I © © 0 ;7v5^1 ^wy &>?^ io^^^sv^y 500A- © Figure 10-7. The Synapse or Junction Between Two Nerve Endings (con- ceptual and schematic). As the impulse reaches the end of the nerve, acetyl- choline (ACh) is released in quantity from the little (~300 A) vesicles contained in the presynaptic nerve ending. This ACh depolarizes the membrane, and free flow of K+ out and Na+
. Biophysics: concepts and mechanisms. Biophysics. 276 BIOPHYSICAL STUDIES ON NERVE AND MUSCLE vesicles containing ACh e impulse "3 i mpulse*!. /ACE /\l8l © C i-K e impulse #2 crossing the junction |^?^-^?r^^ No* I fl I © © 0 ;7v5^1 ^wy &>?^ io^^^sv^y 500A- © Figure 10-7. The Synapse or Junction Between Two Nerve Endings (con- ceptual and schematic). As the impulse reaches the end of the nerve, acetyl- choline (ACh) is released in quantity from the little (~300 A) vesicles contained in the presynaptic nerve ending. This ACh depolarizes the membrane, and free flow of K+ out and Na+ in, on the presynaptic ending, and of ACh across the gap, occurs. The neuromuscular junction, shown and described later, is similar to the neuron-neuron junction in many ways. Synapses are apparently very sensitive to ionizing radiations, for Livshits and others in the Russian school have observed changes in the EEG pattern during even very weak (1 r/hr) X- or 7-irradiation, although peripheral nerve is relatively quite insensitive. The subtle psychological effects which result from such interference with, or modification of, the normal pulsating activity of the brain can therefore be considered as due to electrochemical noise generating by radiations from outside. Noise in our reckoning system, produced by such stresses from without, is considered a bit more fully in the next chapter. Noise from within—disordered inputs from crossed neural circuits, from the physical apparatus of memory, and from the metaphysical parts of mind, intelligence, and will—is the basis for further psychological stresses and disorders. Memory-stimulation by electric shocks applied to the interpretive cortex of the brain seems to be another experimental avenue by which man can apply biophysical methods to the study of this wonderful organ. The uninitiated but interested reader is referred to the well-illus- trated review by Entering the brain are several trunk lines, each main line
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