. Animal parasites and human disease. Medical parasitology; Insects as carriers of disease. 66 SPIROCHETES even a slight touch is unbearable. Usually the spirochsetes are abundant in the liver, suprarenals, blood and other organs and tissues during this initial "febrile" stage of the disease, but they are destroyed in the liver and suprarenals by antibodies usually by the seventh day. During the second week of the disease, termed the "icteric " stage, the fever subsides and marked jaundice, accompanied by swelling and pain in the liver, usually appears, though this symptom
. Animal parasites and human disease. Medical parasitology; Insects as carriers of disease. 66 SPIROCHETES even a slight touch is unbearable. Usually the spirochsetes are abundant in the liver, suprarenals, blood and other organs and tissues during this initial "febrile" stage of the disease, but they are destroyed in the liver and suprarenals by antibodies usually by the seventh day. During the second week of the disease, termed the "icteric " stage, the fever subsides and marked jaundice, accompanied by swelling and pain in the liver, usually appears, though this symptom is sometimes evident as early as the third day. In some cases, in Europe at least, jaundice may not appear at all. The fever usually reappears in milder form about the end of the second week, but it is of short duration. Such symp- toms as vomiting, nose bleed, upsetting of the digestive system, swollen spleen, weak but rapid pulse, and meningitis are usually associated with the disease, and kidney trouble is nearly always present, and is sometimes more severe than the jaundice. A tendency for the mucous membranes and various organs to bleed is a common and dangerous symptom. During the icteric stage of the disease the spirochsetes disappear from the blood, and are gradually destroyed in other parts of the body; they persist longest in the kidneys, since the antibodies which destroy them else- where are apparently ineffec- tual against those situated in the kidney tubules. They continue to be excreted with the urine for six or seven weeks, though nearly all symptoms usually disappear much earlier. If death occurs, it nearly always comes between the eighth and sixteenth days of illness. The disease is said to be not as severe in Europe as in Japan, the mortality among infected soldiers in Flanders being less than six per cent. The spirochsetes are found in the blood, the cerebrospinal fluid, and in many of the tissues of the body, especially the liver and the kidneys. They vary
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