Coal; its history and uses . FiG. 47.—Eefrigerators or Condensers. From Eoscoe andSohorlemmers Chemistry. terval of time to accomplish, also varying with the natureof the gases. A comparatively low temperature will ini-tiate the union of a mixture of oxygen and hydrogen of themaximum explosive power, that is, of a mixture which isentirely converted to water on burning, and the flame, thevisible sign of combination, travels through this mixture CHAP. VI. THE CHEMISTEY OF COAl. 209 at the rate of about thirty-four metres or thirty-sevenyards per second. A mixture of carbon monoxide andoxygen req
Coal; its history and uses . FiG. 47.—Eefrigerators or Condensers. From Eoscoe andSohorlemmers Chemistry. terval of time to accomplish, also varying with the natureof the gases. A comparatively low temperature will ini-tiate the union of a mixture of oxygen and hydrogen of themaximum explosive power, that is, of a mixture which isentirely converted to water on burning, and the flame, thevisible sign of combination, travels through this mixture CHAP. VI. THE CHEMISTEY OF COAl. 209 at the rate of about thirty-four metres or thirty-sevenyards per second. A mixture of carbon monoxide andoxygen requires a still higher temperature to set upchemical combination under ordinary conditions, and the. Fig. 48.— Scrubbers for the purification of Schorlemmers Chemistry. From Eoscoe rapidity of inflammation is much less, only about onemetre per second. In the case of a mixtm-e of 1 volumeof marsh-gas with 8^ vols, of air, the mixture of maximumexplosive power, the rate of inflammation is about half ayard per second, and a comparatively high temperature is 210 COAL. needed to initiate the combustion. Hence of the variousinflammable constituents in coal-gas, the hydrogen burnsmost quickly, on account of the comparatively low tem-perature needed to set up its union with oxygen and thegreat rapidity with which that union is effected. On theother hand, the hydrocarbons and the carbon monoxideburn most rapidly in the higher parts of the flame. By sucking out the gases from the different parts ofthe flame of a gaseous mixture, it is possible to get someidea of the manner in which the constituents comportthemselves on burning together. Professor Landolt hasstudied the flame of
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