. Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. Minnesota Plant Diseases. 195 up of compounds accompanied by the production of gases just as is effected by yeast plants in bread- and beer-making processes. These fermentation processes are of many kinds. Butter becomes rancid and milk may be broken up and soured by the action of these bacteria. Upon the action of milk-fermenting bacteria depend other processes in certain methods of curing hay and ensilage. Again, fermenting bac- teria are the agents of fermentation in the production of vin- egar. Nitrifying bacteria. Of great importance in agricult
. Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. Minnesota Plant Diseases. 195 up of compounds accompanied by the production of gases just as is effected by yeast plants in bread- and beer-making processes. These fermentation processes are of many kinds. Butter becomes rancid and milk may be broken up and soured by the action of these bacteria. Upon the action of milk-fermenting bacteria depend other processes in certain methods of curing hay and ensilage. Again, fermenting bac- teria are the agents of fermentation in the production of vin- egar. Nitrifying bacteria. Of great importance in agriculture are those bacteria which live in the soil and by their action prepare crude materials for leaf-green plants. The latter re- quire a certain gas known as nitrogen which must be fur- nished, however, in a particu- lar kind of compound known as a nitrate. Leaf-green plants are unable to utilize nitrogen gas in the free state and this is the condition in which it exists in the atmos- phere. Now the nitrifying bacteria are capable of using compounds unavailable to the leaf-green plants and by the united action of several bac- teria finally build up the ni- trates desired by the leaf-green plants. Nodule bacteria. Certain plants such as clover and many other plants of the pea family form small nodules on their roots. In these nodules dwell bacteria, which are capa- ble of using free nitrogen from the air. They then pass the manufactured nitrates on to the clover plant. These nod- ules are therefore special habitations for nitrogen-fixing bacte- ria, which are thus protected and fostered by the clover Fig. 98.—Bacterial nodules on root of com- mon bean. In these swollen portions of the roots are found bacteria which as- sist the plant in obtaining nitrogenous food material. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfect
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