. The cell; outlines of general anatomy and physiology. Cells; Anatomy; Physiology; Cells; Anatomy; Physiology. THE VITAL PROPERTIES OF THE CELL 83 of their force components, is invariably of minor importance " (Hensen III. 11). <-^'I. /J ^ Fig. 47.—Explanation of the mechanism of the movements of spermatozoa (after Hensen, Fig. 22). A The four phases of position assumed bj the border of the flagellum when an undulation passes over it. I to 1^, the first; J/ to 111 to 11^, the second ; 111 to Iffi to IJJ2, the third; IF to IK i, the fourth stage of the bending of the border in a longi-
. The cell; outlines of general anatomy and physiology. Cells; Anatomy; Physiology; Cells; Anatomy; Physiology. THE VITAL PROPERTIES OF THE CELL 83 of their force components, is invariably of minor importance " (Hensen III. 11). <-^'I. /J ^ Fig. 47.—Explanation of the mechanism of the movements of spermatozoa (after Hensen, Fig. 22). A The four phases of position assumed bj the border of the flagellum when an undulation passes over it. I to 1^, the first; J/ to 111 to 11^, the second ; 111 to Iffi to IJJ2, the third; IF to IK i, the fourth stage of the bending of the border in a longi- tudinal undulation. B Section of the thread-like tail and membrane, in its two positions of greater elongation. C and D resolution of forces. E Movement of an ordinary sper- matozoon ; a 6 c various phases of this movement. &. Cells with numerous Cilia. The Infusoria are chiefly to be distinguished from other unicellular organisms by the large nwmher of cilia they possess, on which account they are called Ciliata (Fig. 48). Cilia are much smaller than flagella, be- ing, as a rule, about "1 to '3 /x. thick, and about 15 /A long. They may number thousands. For example, it has been calculated, that the Paramceciuvi aurelia possesses approximately 2,500. As for the Balantidium elongatum^ which is parasitic in the Frog, and which is very thickly ciliated, Biitschli (III. 3) is of opinion that it has nearly ten thousand cilia ; these are generally arranged in several longitudinal rows, which either encircle the body in spirals, or are con- fined to a certain portion of its sur- face. In addition to the cilia, many Infusoria possess special large organs of locomotion, cirri, and undulating membranes. The. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Hertwig, Oscar, 1849-1922; Campbell, M. , tr;
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