. A short history of England and the British Empire. their independence. But inconquest. 43 , an invasion was begun for the purpose of subduing the island. Northward and westwardthe Roman eagles were carried, northward to the Humber andwestward to the sacred isle of Mona (Anglesea). The conquestcovered a period of nearly forty years and was carried to prac- . , tical completion by the Roman general Agricola, Agncola. l J ... the father-in-law of the historian Tacitus. Agnc-ola carried the frontier to the edge of the Highlands ; but Romesoon withdrew from these northern territories and drew
. A short history of England and the British Empire. their independence. But inconquest. 43 , an invasion was begun for the purpose of subduing the island. Northward and westwardthe Roman eagles were carried, northward to the Humber andwestward to the sacred isle of Mona (Anglesea). The conquestcovered a period of nearly forty years and was carried to prac- . , tical completion by the Roman general Agricola, Agncola. l J ... the father-in-law of the historian Tacitus. Agnc-ola carried the frontier to the edge of the Highlands ; but Romesoon withdrew from these northern territories and drew thefrontier along a line connecting Sol way Firth with the river Roman Civilization in Britain. To make it easier tohold the country the Romans built a network of roads, fourprincipal highways running northward and manyshorter transverse lines. At the intersectionscamps were located and important cities grew up, inhabitedlargely by Roman merchants and discharged soldiers. Half 1 Cheyney, No. 7; Gardiner, n-12. ROMAN CIVILIZATION IN BRITAIN. 8 THE BEGINNINGS OF ENGLAND a century after Agricolas time, the Emperor Hadrian built,Hadrians between the Solway and the Tyne, a strong wall,walL fragments of which can still be seen after the pas- sage of eighteen centuries. The south side of the wall waslined with Roman camps and guarded by a force of about10,000 men gathered from every quarter of the Roman world. The Romans also did much to improve the civilization andto utilize the resources of the island. Mines of tin, lead, andProgress in iron were opened and worked. Splendid housescivilization. were built of which an occasional ruin is still to Cities were founded; trade was developed; and agri-culture was improved. In time the Christian religion came tothe island along with numerous forms of pagan faith. Thenative Celt no doubt came to some extent under the spell ofRoman civilization; but Britain never became thoroughlyRomanized, except in the neighborhood of the R
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