Elements of animal physiology, chiefly human . to the lower limbs which are attached by the roundedheads of the femoral bones. It is formed by the junction of four bones—the twoossa, innominata, the os sacrum, and the os coccyx. The osscL innominata are the two Jiip hones of ^epelvis. EachIdp hone contains a deep round cavity, the acetahidum, into whiclithe large rounded head of the os femoris (thigh bone) fits, and inwhich it is retained by the ligamentum teres (round) the cotyloidand other ligaments. THE COSTAE. 41 Each hip bone {os innominatum) consists of three bones—viz.,the ilium, the is
Elements of animal physiology, chiefly human . to the lower limbs which are attached by the roundedheads of the femoral bones. It is formed by the junction of four bones—the twoossa, innominata, the os sacrum, and the os coccyx. The osscL innominata are the two Jiip hones of ^epelvis. EachIdp hone contains a deep round cavity, the acetahidum, into whiclithe large rounded head of the os femoris (thigh bone) fits, and inwhich it is retained by the ligamentum teres (round) the cotyloidand other ligaments. THE COSTAE. 41 Each hip bone {os innominatum) consists of three bones—viz.,the ilium, the ischium, the bone which supports us when sitting,and the puhes. The obturator foramen is a large hole in the hip bone throughwhich the large blood-vessels, and the obturator and sciatic nervespass to the leg. It also serves to lighten the pelvis. 69. The Thorax is the osseo-cartilaginous conical orbeehive-shaped cage, which contains and protects theprincipal organs of circulation and respiration. First Dorsal Vertebra. EnsiformCai-tUa; ?*. Lover Floating Rib. Twelfth DorsalVertebra. Fig. 13. The Bones of the Human Thorax. It consists of the sternum (breast-bone), the lowerend of which is cartilaginous (gristly)—the twelve pairsof ribs (more or less movable) joining the vertebrabehind to the sternum in front—the twelve dorsalvertebrce. 70. The Gestae or Ribs are elastic bony arches. Theycomprise seven pairs of true ribs and five pairs of falseribs. 43 ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY. Spine. The true ribs are united directly with the sternum by means ofthe costal cartilages. The false ribs consist of three pairs of ribs whichare joined indirectly to the sternum—that is, the costalcartilages, by which their anterior ends are terminated,join the cartilages of the last (seventh) pair of the trueribs, the latter only uniting with the ^teryium; and twopairs, termed the floating ribs, which are not joined tothe sternum, and have no costal cartilages. (See fig. 13.) 71. The Scapula orshoulder
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