Archive image from page 360 of The cyclopædia of anatomy and. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology cyclopdiaofana0402todd Year: 1849 TONGUE. Fig. 760. 1145 Comparative anatomy of the hyoid apparatus. (After Gcoffroy and Owen.) A, Fish (Cod). 13, Reptile (Frog : 1, tadpole ; 2, adult). C,' D, Bird (C, Crane; D, Woodpecker). E, Mammal (Horse). became ossified, and, together with the cerato- hyal, coalesce with the basi-hyal. As in their previous condition they subserved to respira- tion, so now they do the same — as they before supported the branchiae, so now they support the trachea an
Archive image from page 360 of The cyclopædia of anatomy and. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology cyclopdiaofana0402todd Year: 1849 TONGUE. Fig. 760. 1145 Comparative anatomy of the hyoid apparatus. (After Gcoffroy and Owen.) A, Fish (Cod). 13, Reptile (Frog : 1, tadpole ; 2, adult). C,' D, Bird (C, Crane; D, Woodpecker). E, Mammal (Horse). became ossified, and, together with the cerato- hyal, coalesce with the basi-hyal. As in their previous condition they subserved to respira- tion, so now they do the same — as they before supported the branchiae, so now they support the trachea and larynx : they may be always recognized by this relation, — they always embrace the commencement of the air-passages in their fork, being especially connected with the first segment of the carti- laginous framework of those passages, namely, the thyroid cartilage ; the universality of this relation has induced Professor Owen to name them, in air-breathing vertebrata, thyro-hyah (fig. 760. C,D,E,A6, cb). In birds ( and D), the elements of the true hyoid arch are either rudimentary or suppressed, while the hypo- and cerato- branchialu (h b, c b) are enormously deve- loped. The basi-hyal (b h) is generally elongated proportionately to the shape of the tongue, and to its anterior extremity is usually attached a glosso-hyal (g h), to its posterior a stiliform uro-hyal (u h) which is prolonged be- neath the trachea. In C, which represents the hyoid apparatus of the crane (Grus cinerca), the glosso-hyal is seen to be wanting, and two rudimentary cerato-hyals (c h), lesser cornita, to be attached to the anterior extremity of the basi-hyal. In D is represented the hyoid apparatus of the woodpecker (Picus); the parts are seen to be very long and slender, furnishing the means for the lengthened pro- trusion of the tongue in pursuit of food. All the bones are seen to be linear; there is a long basi-hyal (b It), surmounted by an arrow- shaped glosso-hyal (g h), while two sle
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