. Diseases of the dog and their treatment. cylinders; d, granular cylinders; c, blood cylindera. parasites may l^c found, either the eggs of the eustrongylus gigas or theeml;)ryonic forms of the filaria immitis. h. Crystals.—We find collections of precipitates in the urine and in-dications of alkaline fermentation, the urine being alkaline in reactionand containing crystals of triple phosphate, phosphoric acid and am-moniacal magnesia; these crystals develop in ammoniacal urine and arecoffin-shaped, they arc soluble in acetic acid, thus being distinguished EXAMIXATION OF THE URINE 179 from cal
. Diseases of the dog and their treatment. cylinders; d, granular cylinders; c, blood cylindera. parasites may l^c found, either the eggs of the eustrongylus gigas or theeml;)ryonic forms of the filaria immitis. h. Crystals.—We find collections of precipitates in the urine and in-dications of alkaline fermentation, the urine being alkaline in reactionand containing crystals of triple phosphate, phosphoric acid and am-moniacal magnesia; these crystals develop in ammoniacal urine and arecoffin-shaped, they arc soluble in acetic acid, thus being distinguished EXAMIXATION OF THE URINE 179 from calcium oxalate, and occur in large quantities in chronic are a numl_)er of abnormal substances found in the urine. Theprincipal ones are albumin, sugar, and the coloring substances of thebile. i. Albumin.—The presence of albumin in the urine is always anindication of disease. The two most important forms of albumin areserum-albumin and serum-globulin; the two are generally in combina-tion, and both give the same Fig. 80.—Urine of a dog with cystitis, triple phosphate crystals, red and white blood corpuscles, and cystic epithelium. Bacteria. Kochs Test.—The urine to be examined must be carefully filteredbefore proceeding with the test. The urine is boiled in a test-tube, hav-ing been previously rendered acid in reaction by the addition of a smallquantity of acetic acid. The urine may become opaque from two causes;from the presence of albumin or from phosphates; to this we add nitricacid drop by drop until the phosphate is all dissolved and the albuminremains opaque. Hellers Test.—The urine is rendered acid; then pour a small quan-tity of nitromuriatic acid down the side of the tulje, and if there is anyalbumin present there will be a pronounced opaque ring or line wherethe acid meets the urine. Test with Acetic Acid and Ferrocyanide of Potassium.—The urine isrendered acid with acetic acid and drop by drop a 5 to 10 per cent, solutionof ferrocy
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